UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM | ||
(Mark One)
| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the fiscal year ended January 28 , 2023
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
Commission File Number: 001-35535
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) | ||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||
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(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) | ||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | ||
| Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | ||||||
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None | ||
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “small reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
| Large accelerated filer: | ¨ | x | |||||||||||||||
| Nonaccelerated filer: | ¨ | Smaller reporting company: | |||||||||||||||
| Emerging growth company: | |||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No x
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
As of July 29, 2022, the last trading day of the registrant's most recently completed second quarter, the aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $170,252,722 based on the closing price of the registrant's common stock of $7.57 per share.
As of April 7, 2023, the registrant had 22,570,961 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding, and 7,306,108 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.
| DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE | ||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Forward-Looking Statements
This Report contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical or current fact included in this Report are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements refer to our current expectations and projections relating to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, strategies, future performance and business. You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. These statements may include words such as “anticipate”, “estimate”, “expect”, “project”, “plan”, “intend”, “believe”, “may”, “might”, “will”, “should”, “can have”, “likely” and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of the timing or nature of future operating or financial performance or other events. For example, all statements we make relating to our estimated and projected earnings, revenues, comparable store sales, operating income, earnings per share, costs, expenditures, cash flows, growth rates and financial results, our plans and objectives for future operations, growth or initiatives, strategies or the expected outcome or impact of pending or threatened litigation are forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those that we expected, including:
•the impacts of inflation on consumer spending generally and on our expense management, operating results and financial condition;
•our ability to adapt to declines in consumer confidence and decreases in consumer spending;
•the impact of fluctuations in the price and availability of raw materials, labor, and transportation;
•the continued impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•our ability to generate sufficient cash flows to make significant periodic lease payments for our stores, corporate offices and distribution centers;
•our ability to compete effectively in an environment of intense competition in stores, online and on social media marketing platforms;
•our ability to adapt to downward trends in traffic for our stores and changes in our customers' purchasing patterns;
•our ability to identify and respond to new and changing customer fashion preferences and fashion-related trends;
•our ability to successfully open new stores and profitably operate our existing stores;
•our ability to secure desirable lease arrangements and other economics to support the rate of our planned store growth;
•our ability to attract customers to our e-commerce website and generate acceptable levels of return from our digital marketing efforts and other e-commerce growth initiatives;
•the success of the malls, power centers, neighborhood and lifestyle centers, outlet centers and street-front locations in which our stores are located;
•our ability to adapt to unseasonable weather impacting sales of our seasonal merchandise;
•our dependence on third-party vendors to provide us with sufficient quantities of merchandise at acceptable prices and on time;
•our ability to adapt to significant changes in sales due to the seasonality of our business;
•our dependence upon key executive management or our inability to hire or retain the talent required for our business;
•our ability to establish, maintain and enhance a strong brand image;
•most of our merchandise is made in foreign countries, making price and availability of our merchandise susceptible to international trade conditions;
•our ability to balance proprietary branded merchandise with the third-party branded merchandise we sell;
•our ability to efficiently utilize our e-commerce fulfillment center;
•effectively adapting to new challenges associated with our expansion into new geographic markets;
•our ability to attract customers in the various retail venues and geographies in which our stores are located;
•our ability to adapt to risks associated with climate change;
•our ability to respond to litigation claims we are subject to;
•failure of our vendors and their manufacturing sources to use acceptable labor or other practices;
•our ability to effectively respond to continuing disruptions in our supply chain and distribution center;
•our ability to adjust to increasing costs of mailing catalogs, paper and printing;
•failure of our information technology systems to support our current and growing business, before and after our planned upgrades;
•our ability to secure our data and comply with privacy laws and the security standards for the credit card industry;
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•disruptions to our information systems in the ordinary course of business, as a result of systems upgrades or due to intentional attacks;
•our inability to protect our trademarks or other intellectual property rights;
•our potential liability if we or our vendors unknowingly infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties;
•natural disasters, unusually adverse weather conditions, port delays, boycotts, epidemics, pandemics, acts of war, terrorism, civil unrest and other unanticipated events;
•the potential effects of unionization and work stoppages or slowdowns by our employees;
•our ability to respond to changes in employment laws;
•our ability to generate adequate cash from our existing stores and e-commerce to support our growth;
•continuing costs incurred as a result of being a public company; and
•our responses to climate change, environmental, social, and governance initiatives, and sustainability initiatives.
We derive many of our forward-looking statements from our operating budgets and forecasts, which are based upon detailed assumptions. While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results.
See “Risk Factors” for a more complete discussion of the risks and uncertainties mentioned above and for discussion of other risks and uncertainties. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements as well as others made in this Report and hereafter in our other SEC filings and public communications. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made by us in the context of these risks and uncertainties.
We caution you that the risks and uncertainties identified by us may not be all of the factors that are important to you. Furthermore, the disclosures and forward-looking statements included in this Report are made only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
Tillys is a leading destination specialty retailer of casual apparel, footwear, accessories, and hardgoods for young men, young women, boys and girls with an extensive assortment of iconic global, emerging, and proprietary brands rooted in an active, outdoor and social lifestyle. Tillys is headquartered in Irvine, California and operated 249 stores in 33 states as of January 28, 2023. Our stores are located in a variety of retail centers, including malls, lifestyle centers, "power" centers, community centers, outlet centers, and street-front locations. Customers may also shop online, where we feature substantially the same assortment of products as is carried in our brick-and-mortar stores, supplemented by additional online-only styles. Our goal is to serve as a destination for the latest, most relevant merchandise and brands important to our customers.
The Tillys concept began in 1982 when our co-founders, Hezy Shaked and Tilly Levine, opened their first store in Orange County, California. Since 1984, the business has been conducted through World of Jeans & Tops ("WOJT"), a California corporation, which operates under the name "Tillys". In May 2011, Tilly's, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was formed solely for the purpose of reorganizing the corporate structure of WOJT in preparation for an initial public offering. As part of the initial public offering in May 2012, WOJT became a wholly owned subsidiary of Tilly's, Inc.
As used in this Report, except where the context otherwise requires or where otherwise indicated, the terms "the Company", "we", "our", "us", and "Tillys" refer to Tilly's, Inc. and its subsidiary, WOJT.
Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to January 31. For example, "fiscal 2022" refers to the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023; "fiscal 2021" refers to the fiscal year ended January 29, 2022; and "fiscal 2020" refers to the fiscal year ended January 30, 2021.
Our Strengths
We believe that the following strengths contribute to our success and distinguish us from our competitors:
•Destination retailer with a broad and differentiated assortment. We believe the combined depth and breadth of apparel, footwear and accessories offered at our stores exceeds the selection offered at many other specialty retailers. We offer an extensive selection of lifestyle and emerging third-party brands, as well as proprietary brands. Our merchandise includes a wide assortment of relevant brands, styles, colors, sizes, and price points to ensure our customers have a variety of choices every time they visit our stores. We offer a balanced mix of merchandise across the apparel, footwear and accessories categories serving young men, young women, boys, and girls. We believe that by combining proven and emerging fashion trends and core style products with a vibrant blend of carefully selected music and visuals, we provide an in-store experience that is authentic, fun, and engaging for our core customers. We believe that our differentiated in-store environment, evolving selection of relevant brands, and broader and deeper assortment positions us as a retail destination that appeals to a larger demographic than many other specialty retailers.
•Dynamic merchandise model. We believe our extensive selection of third-party and proprietary merchandise allows us to identify and offer several trends simultaneously, offer a greater range of price points, and manage our inventories more dynamically. By closely monitoring trends and shipping product to our stores multiple times per week, we are able to adjust our merchandise mix based on store size and location. We also keep our merchandise mix relevant by introducing emerging brands and new merchandise from established brands not available at many other retailers. Our merchandising capabilities enable us to adjust our merchandise mix with a frequency that promotes a current look to our stores and website.
•Flexible real estate strategy across real estate venues and geographies. Our stores have proven to be successful in a variety of retail centers and geographies. We operate stores in malls, lifestyle centers, power centers, community centers, outlet centers, and street-front locations across 86 markets in 33 states. We believe our success operating in these different retail venues and geographies demonstrates the portability of the Tillys brand.
•Multi-pronged marketing approach. We utilize a multi-pronged marketing strategy to connect with our customers and drive traffic to our stores and online platforms. We offer an integrated digital platform for our customers to shop how and when they like, in-store, online and on their mobile device, to drive meaningful connection with our customers. We regularly collaborate with our brand partners on exclusive, compelling in-store events, new customer acquisition, and contests to build credibility with our target audience, while actively involving our brand partners, and strengthening the connection between Tillys and our customers' active lifestyle. We have a growing customer loyalty program, “Tilly’s Rewards”, to regularly engage with our customers, reward our most loyal customers, provide loyalty only events, and gain valuable insights. From time to time, we distribute catalogs and postcards to potential and existing customers to familiarize them with the Tillys brand, our exclusive brands and products, and to drive traffic to our stores and website. We use social media to communicate directly with our customers while also encouraging customers to interact and provide feedback on
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our events and products. We also partner with influencers to drive brand awareness and create excitement for new products. All of these programs are complemented by our digital and email marketing, as well as print advertising, to build customer awareness and loyalty, highlight key merchandise offerings, drive traffic to our stores and online platforms, and promote the Tillys brand. We also seek to maintain a connection with our local communities through our various community outreach initiatives and events.
•Systems and distribution/fulfillment infrastructure to support growth. We believe our existing distribution, fulfillment and allocation infrastructure is adequate to support continued growth for the next few years. Our distribution center allows us to quickly sort and process merchandise and deliver it to our stores in a floor-ready format for immediate display. We also have a dedicated e-commerce fulfillment center to support our online growth potential. Our systems enable us to respond to changing fashion trends, manage inventory in real time, and provide a customized selection of merchandise at each location. During fiscal 2023, we plan to update our warehouse management systems to improve efficiency and position ourselves for longer-term anticipated growth in our business.
•Experienced management team. Our senior management team, led by Hezy Shaked and Edmond Thomas, has extensive experience across a wide range of disciplines in the specialty retail and direct-to-consumer industries, including store operations, merchandising, distribution, real estate, and finance. Mr. Shaked, our Co-Founder, Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors, and Chief Strategy Officer, plays an important role in developing our long-term growth initiatives and cultivating our unique culture. Mr. Thomas, our President and Chief Executive Officer, has over 30 years of retail industry experience.
Growth Strategy
We are pursuing several strategies to drive long-term sales and profitability, including:
•Drive Comparable Store Sales Growth. We seek to maximize our comparable store sales by consistently offering new, on-trend and relevant merchandise, including exclusive and proprietary branded merchandise, across a broad assortment of categories, increasing our brand awareness through our multi-pronged marketing approach, providing an authentic in-store and online experience for our core customers, and maintaining a high level of customer service. We continue to seek new opportunities to enhance our existing loyalty program to further reward our most loyal customers. We believe the combination of these factors, together with the operating strategies described below, will improve our comparable store sales results over time.
•Increase Our Operating Margins. We believe we have the opportunity to drive operating margin expansion through scaled efficiencies and continued process improvements. We believe comparable store sales increases will permit us to generate more favorable buying costs from larger volume purchases, and better leverage largely fixed occupancy costs, labor costs for store management and corporate overhead, as well as the fixed portion of shipping and handling costs over higher sales volumes. In addition, we expect to improve operating margins and support growth by leveraging previous investments in infrastructure, including our dedicated fulfillment center for e-commerce, upgraded e-commerce platform, and in-store point-of-sale system. We also will continue to use established business processes to identify and execute initiatives focused on lowering our unit costs and improving operational efficiency throughout our organization.
•Continue Growing E-Commerce. Our e-commerce net sales represented approximately 21% of our total net sales for each of fiscal 2022 and 2021. In fiscal 2020, our e-commerce net sales represented 33% of our total net sales, which was significantly accelerated as a result of pandemic-related store shutdowns, restrictions on store operating hours and customer occupancy limits in stores, and pandemic-related changes in consumer behaviors. In fiscal 2021 and thereafter, there was a resurgence in our customers' preference for shopping in stores relative to e-commerce which resulted in a reduced level of e-commerce net sales, although e-commerce net sales were significantly higher than pre-pandemic levels. Notwithstanding the impacts of the pandemic, we believe that significant growth opportunities continue to exist for our e-commerce business and, relative to fiscal 2022, we believe it may continue to grow as a percentage of total net sales in the future. We believe our e-commerce platform is an extension of our brand and retail stores, and we seek to maintain an extensive selection of our newest and best merchandise assortment online, including an extended product assortment. Our goal is to provide our customers with a seamless shopping experience. Our e-commerce platform allows us to reach new customers, and build our brand in markets where we currently do not have stores. For example, we generate e-commerce sales in all 50 states and the District of Columbia although we have physical stores in only 33 states. Our target customer regularly shops online and via mobile devices in addition to visiting stores, giving us a continued opportunity to grow our e-commerce platform over time. In recent years, we have invested in a new point-of-sale system in stores, an upgraded e-commerce website platform, and a new order management system that is integrated with our stores and website to allow for certain omni-channel capabilities, including fulfilling e-commerce orders from stores when items are out of stock in our e-commerce distribution center, allowing customers to place orders online for in-store or curbside pickup, or to have items shipped to them from our stores. We have also partnered with Afterpay and Uber Eats to offer our customers greater flexibility in payment options and delivery convenience. We plan to continue to invest in additional customer-facing
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technologies to improve customer convenience and engagement over time. Key factors we expect to drive growth may include online and mobile application marketing efforts, including greater customer personalization based on their shopping patterns, enhancing the efficiency and responsiveness of our digital capabilities, continuing our catalog program, and supplementing the assortment available in our brick-and-mortar stores with additional online-only styles, and print-on-demand offerings. We also expect to continue to expand digital marketing efforts, customer loyalty, SMS marketing, and build brand awareness in the communities surrounding our existing stores to drive growth in net sales from both brick-and-mortar stores and e-commerce.
•Improve Inventory Allocation and Management. We continue to improve our operating results through more refined micro-merchandising tactics based on specific store and online characteristics. We regularly update individual store profiles for every store to highlight the differences in brand performance, gender penetrations, and customer interests that exist within our fleet of stores. We also monitor sell-through rates online versus stores to identify opportunities for inventory efficiencies. By adapting allocation strategies to capitalize on these individual store and online differences, we believe we can continue to improve our net sales results.
•Enhancing Omni-Channel Capabilities. We have a direct-to-consumer program that allows online orders to be fulfilled and shipped directly to our customers from our brick-and-mortar stores when inventory is otherwise unavailable in our e-commerce fulfillment center. In addition, our omni-channel capabilities allow customer online orders to be picked up in our stores at our customers' discretion, allowing us to satisfy an order from existing inventories within our stores as well as shipping product from our e-commerce fulfillment center to our stores. We also offer buy online pick-up in store, same-day delivery, curbside pickup and ship-to-store ordering options from a large majority of our stores. We upgraded our website platform to a more mobile-responsive version in fiscal 2022. We plan to upgrade our mobile app (iOS and Android) in fiscal 2023, to a more loyalty focused application, targeted to our most loyal customers. We believe these omni-channel capabilities and investments will drive additional traffic to our stores, increase sales opportunities with customers who come to the store to pick up their online orders, and improve our online conversion rates overall.
•Reinvest in Existing Stores. We believe that re-investing in our existing stores is strategically important to enhance customer loyalty, elevate the customer experience and, in turn, drive additional comparable store sales. We regularly remodel or refresh the appearance of our stores and intend to continue to do so in the future to keep the shopping experience associated with the Tillys brand updated and compelling for our customers.
•Real Estate Opportunities. With 249 total stores at the end of fiscal 2022, we believe there are numerous attractive opportunities for Tillys to continue to open new stores in the future. We currently expect to open up to 10 new stores during fiscal 2023 within existing markets, assuming we are able to negotiate what we believe to be acceptable lease economics. We intend to continue to maintain a disciplined approach to store growth in the future by targeting existing markets with room for growth and new markets with high population density, and clustering stores within key markets to build brand awareness. With regard to existing stores, we have approximately 78 lease decisions to make during fiscal 2023, covering a range of stores in a variety of markets. These lease decisions include lease extension options, lease kick-out options, and lease expirations that require negotiated renewals. In each case, our real estate decisions will be driven by the overarching goal of improving our profitability. As a result, we may close a limited number of stores from time to time if acceptable potential for profitability cannot be obtained through lease negotiations with landlords.
Merchandising, Purchasing, and Planning and Allocation
Merchandising
We seek to be viewed by our customers as the destination for the apparel, footwear, accessories and hardgoods that best represent their active, outdoor and social lifestyles. We believe we offer an unparalleled selection of global, specialty and emerging brands, styles, colors, sizes and price points to ensure our customers have a variety of choices every time they visit our stores. Our extensive selection of third-party and proprietary merchandise allows us to identify and address trends more quickly, offer a greater range of price points, and manage our inventories more dynamically. We offer a mix of merchandise for young men, young women, boys and girls across the apparel, footwear, accessories and hardgoods categories. We believe this category mix contributes to our broad demographic appeal. Our apparel merchandise includes branded, fashion, and core styles for tops, outerwear, bottoms, swim and dresses. Accessories merchandise includes backpacks, hydration bottles, hats, sunglasses, small electronics and accessories, handbags, watches, jewelry, and more. Hardgoods includes items such as skateboards, longboards, and related equipment for skateboarding, surfing or snowboarding. We focus on our merchandise presentation and vary the visual displays in our stores and windows and website throughout the month, presenting new looks and fashion combinations to our customers.
Our ability to maintain an image consistent with our customers' lifestyles is important to our branded vendors and provides us better access to a wide assortment of products and styles. Our third-party and proprietary branded merchandise includes a broad selection of lifestyle and emerging brands. We strive to keep our merchandise mix current by continuously introducing emerging brands and styles not available at many other specialty retailers in order to identify and respond to the evolving
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desires of our customers. Our third-party brands represented approximately 68%, 70% and 74% of our total net sales in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, with no third-party brand accounting for more than 5% of our total net sales during fiscal 2022.
Selected third-party brands (in alphabetical order) include:
Adidas BDG Billabong Birkenstock Brixton
Champion Converse Diamond Supply Dickies Dr. Martens
Champion Converse Diamond Supply Dickies Dr. Martens
Ethika Free People G-Shock Herschel Supply Co. HUF Hydro Flask Jansport Levi's New Balance Nike SB O'Neill Obey Primitive RayBan Reebok Riot Society Rip Curl Roxy RVCA Salty Crew Santa Cruz Spy Stance The North Face Vans Volcom
We supplement our third-party merchandise assortment with our own proprietary brands across many of our product categories. We utilize our own proprietary, branded merchandise to expand our price point range, identify and respond to changing fashion trends quickly, fill merchandise gaps and provide a deeper selection of styles and colors for proven fashion items. Our proprietary brands represented approximately 32%, 30% and 26% of our total net sales in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In fiscal 2022, our top two selling brands overall were our proprietary RSQ brand (19% of our total net sales) and our proprietary Full Tilt brand (8% of our total net sales).
Examples of our proprietary brands, ranked by total net sales generated in fiscal 2022, include:
 | Denim, apparel and fragrance brand for young men, young women and kids | ||||
 | Apparel and accessories brand for young women and girls | ||||
 | Apparel for young women | ||||
 | Apparel, beauty and fragrance brand for young women | ||||
 | Apparel and accessories brand for young men and boys | ||||
 | Apparel and accessories for young women | ||||
 | Apparel for young men | ||||
 | Apparel brand for young women | ||||
We believe that our extensive selection of merchandise, from established global, specialty and emerging third-party brands as well as our proprietary brands, caters to a wide demographic of core customers and enhances our image as a destination for the most sought-after apparel, footwear, accessories and hardgoods.
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Merchandise Purchasing
Our merchandising team is organized by category and product type under the leadership of our lead merchandising executive and our divisional merchandise managers, a technical design and fashion trend team, buyers, associate buyers and assistant buyers. We believe a key element of our success is our team’s ability to identify and source the proven and emerging fashion trends and core styles that are most relevant to our customers.
Our purchasing approach focuses on product relevance, quality, fit, availability, cost and speed of production in order to provide timely frequent delivery of merchandise to our stores. Our purchasing group and planning and allocation team are highly coordinated and maintain a disciplined buying strategy.
To ensure a relevant assortment, our teams:
•perform comprehensive analysis of sales trends for both stores and e-commerce;
•constantly seek out new emerging brands, while maintaining close partnerships with existing brands;
•utilize trend and color forecasting services;
•attend trade shows and youth culture events;
•conduct store visits to gather feedback from our customers and staff; and
•maintain market and consumer insight through shopping trends of leading retailers, direct competitors and relevant social media influencers.
We have developed and maintained strong and, in many cases, long-standing relationships with our third-party vendors and we have a history of identifying and growing with emerging brands. We believe the Tillys brand, shopping experience and core customer lifestyle is highly consistent with the image and philosophy of our key vendors. This, in addition to our customer connectivity, facilitates a partnership culture with our key vendors and provides us access to an extensive variety of products and styles, as well as certain merchandise that is exclusive to our stores and website. Our merchandise purchasing group also works closely with independent third parties who design and procure merchandise for our proprietary brands. Our proprietary brand capabilities enhance our ability to rapidly identify and respond to trends and consistently offer proven fashion items that provide a broader demographic appeal. We work with numerous vendors based in the United States to supply us with our proprietary branded product. These vendors source from both domestic and international markets and either have their own factories or contract with owners of factories to source finished product. By sourcing merchandise for our proprietary brands both domestically and internationally, we have the flexibility to benefit from shorter lead times associated with domestic manufacturing and lower costs associated with international manufacturing.
Planning and Allocation
We have developed inventory planning and allocation processes to support our merchandising strategies. Working closely with our merchandise purchasing team, the planning and allocation team utilizes a disciplined approach to buying, forecasting, inventory control and allocation. Our planning and allocation team continually analyzes inventory levels and sell-through data to regularly adjust the assortment at each store and the inventory levels for our company as a whole. Our broad third-party vendor base allows us to shift merchandise purchases to react quickly to changing consumer preferences and market conditions. Furthermore, the vendor base for our proprietary products provides us flexibility to develop our own branded products to quickly address emerging fashion trends and provide a deeper selection of styles, colors, and price points for proven fashion items. We modify our merchandising mix based upon store size, the season, and consumer preferences in different parts of the country. We are also able to react quickly to changing customer needs because we ship merchandise to our stores multiple times per week. Finally, we coordinate closely with our visual merchandise managers and marketing group in order to manage inventory levels in connection with our promotions and seasonality.
Stores
As of January 28, 2023, we operated 249 stores in 33 states averaging approximately 7,300 square feet per store. Our stores are located in regional mall, off-mall and outlet locations. Our stores generated average net sales of $2.2 million per store, or $297 per square foot, in fiscal 2022.
The table below shows our number of stores by type of retail center as of the end of each of the last three fiscal years:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Regional Mall | 140 | 137 | 136 | ||||||||||||||
Off-Mall (1) | 91 | 90 | 87 | ||||||||||||||
| Outlet | 18 | 14 | 15 | ||||||||||||||
| 249 | 241 | 238 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Includes lifestyle centers, "power" centers, community centers, and street-front locations.
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The table below shows the total number of stores by state as of January 28, 2023:
| State | Number of Stores | State | Number of Stores | |||||||||||||||||
| Arizona | 17 | New Jersey | 7 | |||||||||||||||||
| California | 101 | New Mexico | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Colorado | 5 | New York | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Delaware | 1 | North Carolina | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Florida | 19 | Ohio | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Georgia | 2 | Oklahoma | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Illinois | 7 | Oregon | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Indiana | 4 | Pennsylvania | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Kansas | 1 | Rhode Island | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | 1 | South Dakota | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | 5 | Tennessee | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Michigan | 3 | Texas | 19 | |||||||||||||||||
| Minnesota | 2 | Utah | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
| Missouri | 1 | Virginia | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Nebraska | 1 | Washington | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | 2 | Wisconsin | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Nevada | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||
Distinctive Store Experience
Tillys is a customer-driven lifestyle brand. We are energized and inspired by our customers’ individuality and passion for an active, outdoor and social lifestyle. Our stores bring these interests together in a vibrant, stimulating and authentic environment that is an extension of our customers’ multitasking lifestyles. We do this by blending the most relevant brands and styles with music videos, product-related visuals, and a dedicated team of store associates. Our associates share the same passion as our customers for action sports, music, art and fashion, enabling them to easily engage with our customers and make shopping at Tillys a fun, social experience. Outside of our stores, we connect with our consumers using the same authentic approach, including social media, community outreach and sponsorship of contests, demos, and other events. We believe the Tillys experience drives customer awareness, loyalty and repeat visits while generating excitement for our brand.
Store Expansion Opportunities and Site Selection
The following table shows the number of stores opened and closed in each of our last five fiscal years:
| Fiscal Year | Stores Opened | Stores Closed | Total Number of Stores at End of Period | ||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 16 | 6 | 229 | ||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 14 | 3 | 240 | ||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2 | 4 | 238 | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 9 | 6 | 241 | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 11 | 3 | 249 | ||||||||||||||
| 52 | 22 | ||||||||||||||||
We currently expect to open up to 10 new stores during fiscal 2023 within existing markets, assuming we are able to negotiate what we believe to be acceptable lease economics. We intend to continue to maintain a disciplined approach to store growth in the future by targeting existing markets with room for growth and new markets with high population density, clustering our stores to build better brand awareness in key markets. We focus on opening new stores in locations that have above-average incomes and an ability to draw from a sufficient population. We may also close a limited number of stores in any given year based on market conditions, under-performance, or lease negotiations with landlords.
Store Management, Culture and Training
We believe that a key to our success is our ability to attract, train, retain and motivate qualified employees at all levels of our organization. Each of our stores typically operates with a three to five member store management team. In addition, each store
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typically has 10 or more full time equivalent store associates who reflect our customers' lifestyles and promote the Tillys brand not only inside the store, but also in their schools and communities. The number of store associates we employ generally increases during peak selling seasons, particularly the back-to-school and the winter holiday seasons, and will increase to the extent that we open new stores.
We have developed a corporate culture that we believe empowers the individual store managers to make store-level business decisions and we reward them when they exceed sales targets. We are committed to improving the skills and careers of our workforce and providing advancement opportunities for employees. We evaluate our store associates weekly on measures such as sales per hour, units per transaction and dollars per transaction to ensure productivity, to recognize top performers and to identify potential training opportunities. We endeavor to design incentive programs for store associates that promote a competitive, yet fun, culture that is consistent with our image.
We provide our managers with the knowledge and tools to succeed through comprehensive training programs, focusing on both operational expertise and supervisory skills. Our training programs and workshops are offered at the store, district and regional levels, allowing managers from multiple locations to interact with each other and exchange ideas to better operate stores. Store associates receive training from their managers to improve their product expertise and selling skills.
We believe Tillys is a place where people have a voice, will be heard, and have bias-free opportunities. Accordingly, our workplace is built upon the foundation of equity and inclusion where its people are diverse in their backgrounds, communities, and points of view, yet all share the same core cultural values of working hard, giving back, and empowering others. In this regard, we aim to be an inclusive reflection of our customers, employees, and business partners. Pay equity, without regard for race or gender, is a base line component of this focus on equity and inclusion.
E-Commerce
Our e-commerce platform generated total net sales of $141 million during fiscal 2022, or 21.0% of our total net sales. We believe our digital platform is an extension of our brand and retail stores and we seek to maintain an extensive selection of our newest and best merchandise assortments online at any point in time, providing our customers a seamless shopping experience. We believe that our target customer regularly shops online through various digital channels and mobile applications in addition to visiting stores. Our website serves both as a sales channel and a marketing tool to our extended customer base, including those customers in markets where we do not currently have stores. For example, we sell merchandise to customers in all 50 states and the District of Columbia even though we have brick-and-mortar stores in only 33 states. We also believe our fully-integrated digital platform reinforces the Tillys brand image and serves as an effective advertising vehicle for our retail stores. Our digital platform provides substantially the same assortment available in our brick-and-mortar stores, supplemented by additional online-only styles and print-on-demand product offerings. Similar to the merchandising approach in our stores, we frequently change the look of our website to highlight new brands and products. We utilize multiple tools to drive traffic online, including our catalog, postcards, marketing materials in our retail stores, search engine marketing, paid social media marketing, online ad placement, shopping site partnerships, third-party affiliations, email marketing, digital marketing, SMS marketing, and direct mail. In addition, we utilize the website to offer current information on our upcoming events, promotions and store locations. We plan to continue to enhance our customers' experience by upgrading our mobile application during fiscal 2023.
Marketing and Advertising
Our marketing approach is designed to create an authentic connection with our customers by consistently generating excitement for our brand and the active, outdoor and social lifestyle we represent. We utilize a omni-channel marketing strategy to connect with our customers and drive traffic to our stores and online platform, comprised of the following:
•Loyalty Program. We have a customer loyalty program wherein customers accumulate points based on purchase activity. Once a loyalty member achieves a certain point level, the member earns awards that may be used towards purchase of merchandise. Once an award is earned, our loyalty program allows customers to redeem their award instantly towards the purchase of merchandise or to continue to build up to additional awards over time. We currently expire unredeemed awards and accumulated partial points 365 days after the customer's original purchase date. This program is designed to interact with our customers in a more direct and targeted manner, and to provide more insight into their shopping behaviors and preferences. We are actively engaging with customers through Tilly's Rewards by offering early access to product launches, events and promotional deals to loyalty members. We are also using the data and information provided by loyalty members to personalize the experience to the user and improve the communication and offering. We plan to continue to further enhance this program during fiscal 2023.
•Email Marketing. We utilize email marketing to build awareness, drive traffic to our stores and online platform and to promote local in-store promotions and events. We periodically send emails to the customers in our proprietary database to introduce new brands and products, offer promotions on select merchandise, highlight key events and announce new store openings. We personalize emails and communications to customers and audiences.
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•Digital Marketing. We use digital marketing to drive new customers to Tillys.com and the Tillys stores. We use multiple forms of digital advertising, including pay per click, display, retargeting, paid social and affiliate marketing. We continue to invest in digital marketing to grow our digital business. We are also partnering with brands in co-op marketing to grow awareness and increase brand sales.
•Social Media. Our customers find new brands and seasonal trends through use of social media. We create engaging and timely content across a variety of social media platforms to share the latest trends, brands, seasonal collection and trending memes to keep our audience of fans and followers engaged with our content. Our influencer strategy, in support of driving brand awareness and growth, is designed to connect customers to key categories, trends and activities that is authentic to the Tillys brand.
•Brand Partnerships. We partner and collaborate with our vendors around exclusive events like photo opportunities, in-store performances, contests, demos, online marketing, giveaways, shopping sprees and VIP trips. We organize a variety of events, many involving influencers, musicians, and athletes. Through brand partnerships such as these, we are able to connect with and engage our customers in an exciting, authentic way.
•Catalog and Postcards. We view our print-format catalog and postcards and our digital-format catalog primarily as sales and marketing tools to drive online and store traffic from both existing and new customers. We also believe our marketing materials reinforce the Tillys brand and showcase our comprehensive selection of products in settings designed to reflect our brand’s lifestyle image. We send these marketing materials, which include coupons that can be redeemed at stores or online, to the customers in our database several times a year, primarily around key shopping periods such as spring break, back-to-school, and the winter holidays.
•Community Outreach. We support the Tilly’s Life Center Foundation ("TLC"), a non-profit charitable organization managed by our co-founder, Tilly Levine, which seeks to empower our youth and improve their self-confidence through a variety of educational programs. We have given our customers the opportunity to support TLC with point-of-sale donations by allowing them to elect to "round up" their purchases to the nearest dollar and donate the rounded up portion to TLC. Through our “We Care Program” and in partnership with our vendors, we routinely support and participate in various academic, art, and athletic programs at local schools and other organizations in communities surrounding our stores.
Distribution
We process and distribute merchandise to our stores through a 126,000 square foot distribution facility co-located with our headquarters in Irvine, California. Our distribution center infrastructure includes warehouse management systems, material-handling equipment, radio frequency technologies, and automated sortation systems to enhance our processing speed and support our business needs. We ship merchandise to our stores multiple times per week, providing them with a steady flow of both new and replenishment products. Merchandise is shipped in a floor-ready condition (having price tickets, sensor tags and hangers when required), allowing store employees to spend less time with merchandise processing tasks and more time serving our customers. We use our own fleet of trucks to transport merchandise to our Southern California stores and third-party distributors to transport merchandise to stores outside of our local area.
We also operate an 81,000 square foot e-commerce fulfillment center in Irvine, California to process e-commerce orders in a highly automated environment that leverages material-handling equipment, automated systems and other technologies consistent with our current distribution facility in order to support our e-commerce growth initiatives.
We believe our distribution and fulfillment infrastructure is adequate to support our current business needs and growth strategies over the next few years. In fiscal 2023 we have initiated a plan to upgrade our warehouse management systems to allow for more efficient inventory management across our distribution facilities to support future growth. We currently anticipate this project to be complete in early fiscal 2024.
Information Technology
Our information technology systems provide a full range of business process support and information to our store, merchandising, financial, real estate and other business teams. We selected, customized and integrated our information systems to enable and support our dynamic merchandise model. We believe our systems provide us with improved operational efficiencies, scalability, management control and timely reporting that allow us to identify and quickly respond to changes in our business. We believe that our information systems are scalable, flexible and have the capacity to accommodate our current growth plans.
During fiscal 2022, we re-platformed our e-commerce website to the latest version of Salesforce SFRA, upgraded all store point-of-sale hardware, increased redundancy of internet data connectivity to all stores, and integrated new means of delivery to our customers. We believe that these enhancements will improve our customer engagement, increase sales opportunities, enhance our real-time inventory visibility and order management, facilitate seamless omni-channel execution integrated across mobile devices and stores and allow for effective customer relations management capabilities. We plan to further optimize our
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e-commerce platform and mobile application during fiscal 2023 and upgrade our warehouse management software that will serve both our stores and e-commerce distribution operations.
Competition
The teenage and young adult retail apparel, accessories and footwear industry is highly competitive. We compete with various publicly-traded and privately-held teen-oriented apparel retailers for customers, store locations, store associates and management personnel, including but not limited to Abercrombie & Fitch, Aeropostale, American Eagle Outfitters, Boot Barn, The Buckle, Forever 21, H&M, Hot Topic, Pacific Sunwear, Urban Outfitters, and Zumiez. In addition, we compete with independent specialty shops, department stores, off-price retailers, online marketplaces such as Amazon, online retailers such as Shein and Fashion Nova, stores and websites operated by our third-party brands, and direct marketers that sell similar lines of merchandise and that target customers through catalogs and e-commerce. Further, we may face new competitors and increased competition from existing competitors as we expand into new markets and increase our presence in existing markets. Given the extensive number and types of retailers with which Tillys competes for customers, we believe that our target market is highly fragmented and we do not believe we have a significant share of this market.
Competition in our sector is based, among other things, upon merchandise offerings, store location, price and the ability to identify with the customer. We believe that we compete favorably with many of our competitors based on our differentiated merchandising strategy, store environment, flexible real estate strategy and company culture. However, many of our competitors are larger, have significantly more stores, and have substantially greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do. Moreover, we recognize that we do not possess exclusive rights to many of the elements that comprise our in-store experience and product offerings. Our competitors can emulate facets of our business strategy and in-store experience, which could result in a reduction of any competitive advantage or special appeal that we might possess. For more details, see Item 1A. “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business. We face intense competition in our industry and we may not be able to compete effectively.”
Trademarks
“Ambitious”, “Blue Crown”, "Destined", “Eldon”, “Full Tilt”, “Full Tilt Sport”, “If it’s not here...it’s not happening”, "Infamous", “Ivy + Main”, “RSQ”, "RSQ by Tillys", “#RSQME”, “Sky and Sparrow”, “Tilly's”, “Tilly’s Clothing & Shoes”, "Tilly's Clothing Shoes Accessories, “Vindicated”, “West of Melrose”, “White Fawn”, and "2/Second Saturdays" and logos related to some of these names, are among our trademarks registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. We regard our trademarks as valuable and intend to maintain such marks and any related registrations. We are not aware of any claims of infringement or other challenges to our right to use our marks in the United States. We vigorously protect our trademarks.
Employees
As of January 28, 2023, we employed approximately 1,525 full-time and approximately 4,650 part-time employees, of which approximately 525 were employed at our corporate office and distribution facilities and approximately 5,650 were employed at our store locations. However, the number of total employees, especially part-time employees, fluctuates depending upon our seasonal needs and, in fiscal 2022, varied between approximately 5,400 and 7,300 employees. None of our employees are represented by a labor union and we consider our relationship with our employees to be good.
Government Regulation
We are subject to labor and employment laws, laws governing advertising and promotions, privacy laws, safety regulations, consumer protection regulations, intellectual property laws, accessibility laws, and other laws that regulate retailers and govern the promotion and sale of merchandise and the operation of stores and warehouse facilities, as well as laws governing public companies. We monitor changes in these laws and believe that we are in material compliance with applicable laws.
Insurance
We use insurance to address or reduce our exposure to actual or potential enterprise risks, including but not limited to workers’ compensation claims, property damage or loss, directors' and officers' liability, cyber/data security risks, fiduciary liability, general liability claims, automobile liability, employment practices liability, and employee-related health care, a portion of which is paid by the employees. We evaluate our insurance requirements on an ongoing basis to maintain what we believe to be adequate levels of coverage for these risks.
Seasonality
Due to the seasonal nature of the retail industry, we have historically experienced and expect to continue to experience fluctuations in our revenues and net income. Net revenues are typically smallest in the first quarter and largest during the fourth quarter of a given fiscal year. Our net sales fluctuate significantly in relation to various holidays and other peak shopping periods, including but not limited to the Thanksgiving and year-end holiday season, the back-to-school season, spring break
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periods, and other holidays. If, for any reason, our revenues were below seasonal norms or expectations during these quarters, particularly during peak selling periods, our annual results of operations could be adversely affected. The level of our working capital reflects the seasonality of our business. We expect inventory levels, along with an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses, generally to reach their highest levels in anticipation of the increased revenues during these periods.
Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) Matters
Environmental Matters
From a merchandising perspective in fiscal 2022, we continued to grow our sustainability program in partnership with a variety of nationally and globally recognized third-party brands. We have curated a collection of over 1,800 product choices, an increase from 1,600 in fiscal 2021, that have a reduced impact on the environment as a result of the use of recycled or reusable materials, organic cotton, and/or are certified by third-party organizations to specific sustainability standards. Selected brands involved in our sustainability program partnership include, among others, HydroFlask, Jansport, The North Face, Billabong, adidas, Birkenstock, Teva, Columbia, Vans, Levi’s, Obey, Vissla, Brixton, Katin, RVCA, Santa Cruz, and O’Neill, as well as our own RSQ and Blue Crown proprietary brands. We ended fiscal 2022 with an aggregate of approximately 6% of our total inventory composed of products containing at least one of the sustainability features noted above.
As of March 15, 2023, approximately 79% our Men’s RSQ shorts and swim had sustainable features. For example, all twill shorts and Men's RSQ and Blue Crown swim contain 20% to 30% Repreve fabric (recycled plastic bottles turned into polyester yarn).
In early 2022, we joined the Better Cotton Initiative ("BCI"), a global cotton sustainability organization that helps ensure clothing manufacturers are sourcing more sustainable cotton with a lower environmental and social impact, including crop protection, water stewardship, soil health, and decent working conditions. During fiscal 2022, 27% of our cotton used in our proprietary brand products was sourced as Better Cotton, and we are working towards a goal of sourcing Better Cotton for at least 50% of the cotton used in our proprietary brand products by 2026.
In fiscal 2022, our proprietary RSQ brand launched a partnership with a leading materials science company, Recover™, which produces recycled cotton fiber from textile waste. As part of this partnership, during fiscal 2022, we included recycled cotton fibers developed by Recover™ in a capsule collection of several denim styles, as well as a t-shirt and jacket. We plan to continue to grow our partnership with Recover™ in fiscal 2023, aligning with our long-term sustainability strategy and highlighting the importance of sustainability to our business and to our customer.
We continue to partner with REPREVE®, which produces recycled polyester from plastic water bottles. Repreve is used in select styles by our branded partners, as well as select styles by our proprietary RSQ and Blue Crown brands. Repreve is used in a number of our product categories and fabrications, including denim, swim, chino, and fleece.
During fiscal 2022, we continued to grow our print-on-demand business. This not only has increased our choice count and offerings from a merchandising perspective, but it has also helped reduce markdowns and waste as garments are not printed until ordered by customers.
We also continued our Restored by Tillys collection, a collection of vintage, upcycled, and previously owned, product both online and in 14 of our stores. We ended fiscal 2022 with over 4,000 units of Restored by Tillys product sold, up from approximately 3,600 in fiscal 2021.
As supported by consumer demand, we plan to continue to encourage our merchants and brand partners to support sustainable product stories and to continue to build the percentage of our product offerings that have sustainable features.
From a distribution center operations perspective, all purchased corrugated boxes used for shipping products from our distribution center to Tillys stores are made from previously used corrugated material. During fiscal 2022, we reused approximately 60% of those corrugated boxes for future shipping needs, and we recycled the remaining 40% of corrugated boxes. We recycle all plastic packing material received with merchandise from our product suppliers. Our distribution centers are equipped with approximately 75% DesignLights Consortium (“DLC”) classified LED lamps. We have also recently applied for our California Green Business Network Certification for our e-commerce distribution center.
In our stores, our shopping bags, as well as all polyester bags used to ship e-commerce orders to customers, are comprised of at least 90% recycled materials. Since 2018, we have used air conditioning equipment with energy efficiency ratings well above the minimum required rating by The International Energy Conservation Code and Building Energy Efficiency Standards. As of the end of fiscal 2022, over 80% of all lighting utilized in our stores are LED lamps, which reduce energy consumption both in terms of watts per lumen and reduced air conditioning usage as a result of the lower heat produced by LEDs compared to other lighting sources. All stores are equipped with UN-tested and approved lighting recycling boxes. In constructing our stores, we utilize reclaimed wood in various design elements that is 100% certified by the Forest Stewardship Council as coming from responsibly managed forests. All wall coverings utilized in our stores are manufactured with FSC-certified recycled fiber. We require the use of zero or low volatile organic compounds materials in our new store construction, which includes adhesives,
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primers, paints, sealers, caulks and other coatings. All stores use biodegradable cleaning solvents for cleaning and disinfection. In our restrooms at all locations, we use toilets that are certified as water-efficient by Watersense and comply with the California Green Building Code, utilizing less water than standard toilets. In certain locations, we also use water-conserving metering faucets that prevent excess water usage and/or on-demand water heaters to reduce energy consumption. In certain locations we also utilize a waste management company that diverts a minimum of 65% of the non-hazardous construction and demolition waste from landfills for recycling.
In our corporate offices, all buildings are equipped with lighting sensors to ensure occupancy before energy usage occurs. All facilities are equipped with exterior LED lighting, including wall packs and parking light poles, with a Premium DLC classification rating that provide an estimated annual energy consumption savings of approximately 144,000 kWh compared to standard lighting. We have recycling bins for paper products, bottles and cans throughout our facilities. Biodegradable cleaning solvents are used throughout our facilities for cleaning and disinfecting purposes. We are currently in the process of installing EV charging stations at all 4 corporate facilities. In fiscal 2023, solar panels will be installed at corporate locations that will generate the majority of our logistics operations. We also currently sponsor 31 adopt-a-highway locations in California and Arizona to help fund trash removal from the local highways in the markets within which we operate our stores.
From a technology perspective, in fiscal 2022, we significantly improved energy efficiency of our data center located in Irvine, CA, by migrating the information to a newer generation all flash storage array. Earlier in fiscal 2022, we also migrated our production systems located in Irvine, CA to Las Vegas, NV, which location is operated with 100% renewable energy and thus power consumption and footprint was significantly reduced. In addition, we consolidated our entire virtualized server environment with the migration, shutting down half of our servers and reducing power draw by close to 50%. We also recycle e-waste from certain computer and other electronic components.
Social Matters
We support a variety of programs to assist the communities in which we operate, including but not limited to:
•We provide significant financial and other support to the Tilly’s Life Center Foundation ("TLC"), a non-profit charitable organization managed by our co-founder, Tilly Levine, which seeks to empower our youth and improve their self-confidence through a variety of educational programs. Our support of TLC includes customer donations at our store registers (round-up for charity), cash donations by the Company, use of a portion of our e-commerce distribution center office space for their operations, and use of Company staff to aid in event planning.
•Through our "We Care" program and in partnership with our vendors, we routinely support and participate in various academic, art, and athletic programs at local schools and other organizations within the communities surrounding our stores.
•We donate end of season products to certain charitable organizations for their use in supporting their respective missions.
Human Capital Management
•We provide a variety of health and wellness programs for our corporate employees to promote healthy lifestyles, including periodic onsite health fairs, blood drives, breast cancer screenings, flu shots, among other items.
•In order to help ensure we provide a healthy, respectful and safe working environment for all employees, we provide periodic diversity and anti-harassment training for all employees to improve workplace sensitivity.
•We distribute monthly health tips and guidelines to encourage healthy living habits, and we provide weekly fruit deliveries to our corporate office and distribution center break rooms to promote healthier eating choices.
•We provide one paid day off per year to all employees to be utilized for volunteer work of their choosing.
Governance Matters
Although we are a controlled company as a result of the Company stock held by our Co-Founder, Executive Chairman and Chief Strategy Officer, Hezy Shaked, six of the eight members of our Board of Directors are independent under applicable NYSE rules. Each of our Board committees (Audit, Compensation, and Nominating/Governance) are chaired by, and comprised of, only the independent members of our Board of Directors, consistent with NYSE requirements. Our Board of Directors is comprised of five individuals who self-identify as men and three individuals who self-identify as women.
We maintain a Code of Ethical Business Conduct which can be found on our website at www.tillys.com under the Investor Relations link. We require all employees to periodically certify their reading, understanding, and compliance with such policy.
We maintain a whistleblower hotline wherein employees, customers and/or vendors can confidentially report unethical or illegal behavior by Company management or other employees.
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As a publicly-traded company, we maintain an Insider Trading Policy that limits the time periods during which Company employees may trade in Company stock to avoid potential insider trading issues. This policy is distributed to all employees in advance of each quarterly trading window. Each trading window is only allowed to open after two full trading days have taken place following each of our quarterly earnings announcements. Each trading window is typically closed for the final month of each quarter and until the next quarterly earnings announcement has taken place.
We also maintain a Regulation FD-compliant Investor Relations policy which limits the time periods during which Company management is authorized to discuss business matters with external stock analysts and stockholders. Company management is precluded from communicating with such external parties for the final two weeks of each quarter and until the next quarterly earnings release has taken place.
Additional Information
We make available free of charge on our internet website, www.tillys.com, copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such material electronically with, or otherwise furnishing it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. In addition, these materials may be obtained at the web site maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov. The reference to our website address does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained on the website, and the information contained on the website is not part of this document.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our business faces significant risks and uncertainties. Certain important factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, any of which could subsequently have an adverse effect on the trading price of our Class A common stock, and you should carefully consider them. Accordingly, in evaluating our business, we encourage you to consider the following discussion of risk factors in its entirety, in addition to other information contained in or incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other public filings with the SEC. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations in future periods.
Risks Related to our Business
Our sales could be severely impacted by decreases in consumer spending.
We depend upon consumers feeling confident to spend discretionary income on our product offerings to drive our sales. Consumer spending may be adversely impacted by economic conditions such as consumer confidence in future economic conditions, inflation in housing, energy, gasoline and food costs, interest and tax rates, employment levels, salary and wage levels, general business conditions, and the availability of consumer credit. In addition, consumer spending can be impacted by non-economic factors, including geopolitical issues, trade restrictions, unseasonable weather, pandemics/epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and other factors that are outside of our control. These risks may be exacerbated for retailers like us who focus on specialty apparel, footwear and accessories. Our financial performance is particularly susceptible to economic and other conditions in regions or states where we have a significant number of stores, such as the southwestern and northeastern United States and Florida. We experienced significant decreases in consumer spending during certain periods of fiscal 2022 in light of the recent decreases in consumer confidence and concerns regarding the current economic environment, and similar impacts may occur in the future. If periods of decreased consumer spending persist, our sales could decrease, and our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
A rise in the cost of products and services that are necessary for the operation of our business could increase our cost of sales and cause our results of operations and margins to decline.
Fluctuations in the price, availability and quality of fabrics or other raw materials used to manufacture our products, as well as the price for transportation and labor, could have adverse impacts on our cost of sales and our ability to meet our customers’ demands. In particular, because a key component of our clothing is cotton, increases in the cost of cotton may significantly affect the cost of our products and could have an adverse impact on our cost of sales. We may not be able to pass all or a portion of these higher costs on to our customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our profitability. In addition, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely impacted by continued heightened levels of inflation and interest rate increases, including those experienced globally as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These economic pressures may result in increased costs for many products and services that are necessary for the operation of our business (including product costs, labor costs, shipping costs, and digital marketing costs, among others), as well as decreases in consumer spending or demand for our products, any of which could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has materially disrupted our operations and may have an adverse effect on our business.
To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching impacts on many aspects of our operations, directly and indirectly, including on consumer behavior, our people, store traffic, operational capabilities and our operations generally, timing of deliveries, demands on our information technology and e-commerce capabilities, expense management, lease negotiations, managing our workforce, as well as our ability to procure sufficient quantities of inventory in line with our sales plans, or to effectively manage inventory levels on an ongoing basis relative to net sales performance and changing market conditions, in light of ongoing supply chain disruptions that significantly altered historical product flows both in terms of timing and amount of inventory available, which have materially disrupted our business and the market generally. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in, and may in the future result in, further, regional quarantines, labor stoppages and shortages, changes in consumer purchasing patterns, mandatory or elective shut-downs of retail locations, including the closure of all of our stores and distribution centers in 2020, disruptions to supply chains, including the inability of our suppliers and service providers to deliver materials and services on a timely basis, or at all, severe market volatility, liquidity disruptions and overall economic instability, which, in many cases, have had, and we expect may continue to have, material adverse impacts on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are required to make significant lease payments for our store leases, corporate offices, and distribution centers, which may strain our cash flow.
We lease all of our retail store locations as well as our corporate headquarters, warehouses, distribution and e-commerce fulfillment centers. We do not own any real estate. Leases for our stores are typically for terms of ten years and many can be extended in five-year increments. Many of our leases have early cancellation clauses which permit us to terminate the lease if certain sales thresholds are not met in certain periods of time. Our costs under these leases are a significant amount of our expenses and are growing rapidly as we expand the number of locations and existing locations experience expense increases. We are required to pay additional rent under many of our lease agreements based upon achieving certain sales plateaus for each store location. In addition, we must make significant payments for common area maintenance and real estate taxes. Many of our lease agreements also contain provisions which increase the rent payments on a set time schedule, causing the cash rent paid for a location to escalate over the term of the lease. In addition, rent costs could escalate when multi-year leases are renewed at the expiration of their lease term. These costs are significant, recurring and increasing, which places a consistent strain on our cash flows.
We depend on cash flows from operations to pay our lease expenses and to fulfill our other cash needs. If our business does not generate sufficient cash flows from operating activities, and sufficient funds are not otherwise available to us from borrowings under our available revolving credit facility or from other sources, we may not be able to service our operating lease expenses, grow our business, respond to competitive challenges or to fund our other liquidity and capital needs, which would harm our business.
Additional sites that we lease are likely to be subject to similar long-term leases. If an existing or future store is not profitable, and we decide to close it, we may nonetheless be committed to perform our obligations under the applicable lease including, among other things, paying the base rent for the balance of the lease term. We may also elect, or be required, to take actions with respect to some or all of our existing leases that are in contravention to the existing terms of those leases in response to adverse pressures, including negotiating with landlords for rent abatement, terminating certain leases, or discontinuing payment, such as the actions we took in response to the closures of our stores during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may subject us to legal, reputational and financial risks. In addition, as our leases expire, we may fail to negotiate renewals, either on commercially acceptable terms or at all, which could cause us to close stores in desirable locations. If we are unable to enter into new leases or renew existing leases on terms acceptable to us or be released from our obligations under leases for stores that we close, our business, profitability and results of operations may be harmed.
We face intense competition in our industry and we may not be able to compete effectively.
The retail industry is highly competitive. We currently compete with a variety of publicly-traded and privately-held specialty apparel retail chains such as, but not limited to, Abercrombie & Fitch, Aeropostale, American Eagle Outfitters, Boot Barn, The Buckle, Forever 21, H&M, Hot Topic, Pacific Sunwear, Urban Outfitters, and Zumiez. In addition, we compete with independent specialty shops, department stores, e-commerce only retailers, off-price retailers, online marketplaces such as Amazon, stores and websites operated by our third-party brands, and direct marketers that sell similar lines of merchandise and target customers through catalogs and e-commerce. Moreover, the internet and other new technologies facilitate competitive entry and comparison shopping in our retail market. While we offer a multichannel shopping experience and use social media as a way to interact with our customers and enhance their shopping experiences, multichannel retailing is rapidly evolving, and we must keep pace with changing customer expectations and new developments by our competitors. Competition with some or all of these retailers noted above could require us to lower our prices or risk losing customers. In addition, significant or unusual promotional activities by our competitors and third-party brands may cause us to respond in-kind and adversely impact our operating cash flow. Because of these factors, current and future competition could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
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Furthermore, many of our competitors have greater financial, marketing and other resources than we currently do, and therefore may be able to devote greater resources to the marketing and sale of their products, generate national brand recognition or adopt more aggressive pricing policies than we can, which would put us at a competitive disadvantage. Moreover, we do not possess exclusive rights to many of the elements that comprise our in-store experience and product offerings. Our competitors may seek to emulate facets of our business strategy and in-store experience, which could result in a reduction of any competitive advantage or special appeal that we might possess. In addition, most of the third-party branded products we sell are sold to us on a non-exclusive basis. As a result, our current and future competitors may be able to duplicate or improve on some or all of our in-store experience or product offerings that we believe are important in differentiating our stores and our customers’ shopping experience. If our competitors were to duplicate or improve on some or all of our in-store experience or product offerings, our competitive position and our business could suffer.
We may experience comparable store sales or sales per square foot declines, which may cause our results of operations to decline.
The investing public may use comparable store sales or net store sales per square foot projections or results, over a certain period of time, such as on a quarterly or yearly basis, as an indicator of our profitability growth. Our comparable store sales can vary significantly from period to period for a variety of reasons, such as the age of stores, changing economic factors, unseasonable weather, continued declines in mall and retail foot traffic, changing fashion trends, pricing, the timing of the release of new merchandise and promotional events and increased competition. These factors could cause comparable store sales or net store sales per square foot to decline or fail to grow at expected rates, which could adversely affect our results of operations and stock price during such periods.
Our business depends upon identifying and responding to changing customer fashion preferences and fashion-related trends. If we cannot identify trends in advance or we select the wrong fashion trends, our sales could be adversely affected.
Fashion trends in the apparel, footwear and accessories market can change rapidly. We need to anticipate, identify and respond quickly to changing trends and consumer demands in order to provide the merchandise our customers seek and maintain our brand image. If we cannot identify changing trends in advance, fail to react to changing trends, misjudge the market for a trend, or fail to timely secure then-fashionable inventory, our sales could be adversely affected, and we may be faced with a substantial amount of unsold inventory or missed opportunities. As a result, we may be forced to mark down our merchandise in order to dispose of slow moving inventory, which may result in lower profit margins, negatively impacting our financial condition and results of operations.
Our continued growth depends upon our ability to successfully open profitable new stores and improve the performance of our existing stores, which is subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties.
We have grown our store count over time, however, there can be no assurance that we will continue to be able to open new stores that are profitable or to continue to improve the performance of our existing stores sufficiently to improve our profitability.
Our ability to successfully open and operate new stores is subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, such as:
•identifying suitable store locations, the availability of which is beyond our control;
•obtaining acceptable lease terms;
•sourcing sufficient levels of inventory;
•selecting the appropriate merchandise that appeals to our customers;
•hiring and retaining store employees;
•assimilating new store employees into our corporate culture;
•effectively marketing new store locations;
•avoiding construction delays and cost overruns in connection with the build-out of new stores;
•managing and expanding our infrastructure to accommodate growth; and
•integrating the new stores with our existing buying, distribution and other support operations.
Additionally, some of our new stores may open in locations close enough to our existing stores that a segment of customers will stop shopping at our existing locations and prefer to shop at the new locations, and therefore sales and profitability at those existing stores may decline. Any failure to continue to open profitable new stores or improve the performance of existing stores could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and stock price.
Our continued growth depends upon our ability to continue to grow our e-commerce business and improve its profitability, which is subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties.
We sell merchandise over the internet through our e-commerce website, www.tillys.com. The e-commerce retail market continues to rapidly evolve, creating new competition and increasing cost pressures from shipping charges and online marketing costs. As a result, there can be no guarantee that we will be able to continue to grow our e-commerce net sales or to
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improve the profitability of our e-commerce operations. Our e-commerce platform and its continued growth subjects us to certain risks that could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, including:
•diversion of traffic from our stores;
•risks related to proper allocation of merchandise between e-commerce and stores;
•liability for online content;
•government regulation impacting the Internet, including with respect to privacy; and
•risks related to the computer systems that operate our website and related support systems, including computer viruses, electronic break-ins, other cyber security breaches, system errors or failures, or similar disruptions.
Our failure to address and respond to these risks successfully could reduce e-commerce net sales, increase costs and damage the reputation of our brand. Any failure to continue to grow e-commerce net sales or improve the profitability of e-commerce operations could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and stock price.
We may not be able to implement our business strategies on the timelines we anticipate, in a cost-effective manner, or at all.
At any point in time, we are in the process of implementing new merchandising strategies, customer-facing technology enhancements, new systems or upgrades to existing systems, and cost reduction or containment plans. The implementation of these strategies or plans may not be completed or achieve the anticipated results within the expected timeframe, which may result in declines in net sales or unanticipated cost increases. Even if implemented, we cannot assure that our strategies or plans will be successful to meet our current and future business needs or that they will operate as designed. If the implementation of our business strategies and plans are not executed efficiently and effectively, our business, financial condition, and our operating results could be adversely affected.
Our ability to attract customers to our stores depends significantly on the success of the retail centers where our stores are located.
We have historically depended on the location of our stores to generate a large proportion of traffic to our stores. We try to select well-known and popular malls, power centers, neighborhood and lifestyle centers, outlet centers and street-front locations, usually near prominent retailers, to generate traffic to our stores. Traffic at these retail centers, and consequently our stores, could be adversely affected by economic downturns nationally or regionally, competition from Internet retailers, changes in consumer demographics, the closing or decrease in popularity of other retailers in the retail centers in which our stores are located, our inability to obtain or maintain desirable store locations within retail centers or the selection by prominent retailers and businesses of other locations. We, and the retail industry generally, have experienced continued declines in consumer traffic to retail centers as consumer purchasing behaviors have shifted toward online purchases (which was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic) and we may experience further declines in the future. A continuing reduction in traffic to retail centers may likely lead to a decrease in our net sales and results of operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and stock price.
We buy and stock merchandise based upon seasonal weather patterns and therefore unseasonable weather could negatively impact our sales.
We buy select merchandise for sale based upon expected weather patterns during the seasons of winter, spring, summer and fall. If we encounter untimely aberrations in weather conditions, such as warmer winters or cooler summers than would be considered typical, these weather variations could cause some of our merchandise to be inconsistent with what consumers wish to purchase, causing our sales to decline. Furthermore, extended unseasonable weather conditions in regions such as in the southwestern United States, particularly in California, Arizona, Nevada, Florida and the northeastern United States will likely have a greater impact on our sales because of our store concentration in those regions.
We purchase merchandise in advance of the season in which it will be sold and if we purchase too much inventory or do not receive inventory on time we may need to reduce prices in order to sell it, which may adversely affect our overall profitability.
We must actively manage our purchase of inventory. Generally, we order merchandise months in advance of it being received and offered for sale. If there is a significant decrease in demand for our products or if we fail to accurately predict fashion trends or consumer demands, economic trends or unseasonable weather impacts the anticipated demand for certain product categories, we may be forced to rely on markdowns or promotional sales to dispose of excess inventory. Due to continued supply chain disruptions, we may fail to receive inventory timely or in line with when we anticipate customers will be seeking to purchase merchandise for a given season. In addition, seasonal fluctuations also affect our inventory levels, as we usually order and carry a significant amount of inventory before the back-to-school and winter holiday shopping seasons. If we are not successful in selling our inventory during these periods, we may be forced to rely on markdowns or promotional sales to dispose of the inventory, or we may not be able to sell the inventory at all, which could have an adverse effect on our margins and operating income.
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Our sales can significantly fluctuate based upon shopping seasons, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate disproportionately on a quarterly basis.
Because of a traditionally higher level of sales during the back-to-school and winter holiday shopping seasons, our sales are typically higher in the third and fourth fiscal quarters than they are in the first and second fiscal quarters. Accordingly, the results of a single fiscal quarter, particularly the third and fourth fiscal quarters, should not be relied on as an indication of our annual results or future performance. In addition, any factors that harm our third and fourth fiscal quarter operating results could have a disproportionate effect on our results of operations for the entire fiscal year.
If we fail to maintain good relationships with our suppliers or if our suppliers are unable or unwilling to provide us with sufficient quantities of merchandise at acceptable prices, our business and operations may be adversely affected.
Our business is largely dependent on continued good relations with our suppliers, including vendors for our third-party branded products and manufacturers for our proprietary branded products. We operate on a purchase order basis for our proprietary branded and third-party branded merchandise and do not have long-term contractual relationships with our suppliers. Accordingly, our suppliers can refuse to sell us merchandise, limit the type or quantity of merchandise they sell us or raise prices at any time, which can have an adverse impact on our business. Deterioration in our relationships with our suppliers, supply chain disruption, or increased demand for their products could have a material adverse impact on our business, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to acquire desired merchandise in sufficient quantities on terms acceptable to us in the future. Also, some of our vendors are vertically integrated, selling products directly from their own retail stores, and therefore are in direct competition with us. These vendors may decide at some point in the future to reduce or discontinue supplying their merchandise to us, supply us less desirable merchandise or raise prices on the products they do sell us. Additionally, instances of supply chain disruptions and delays, such as those we experience in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as continued heightened inflation, could lead to inefficiencies and heightened costs passed to us by our vendors that could negatively impact our performance and our results of operations. Further, if we lose key vendors or are unable to find alternative vendors to supply us with substitute merchandise for lost products, our business may be adversely affected.
If we cannot retain or find qualified employees to meet our staffing needs in our stores, our distribution and e-commerce fulfillment centers, or our corporate offices, our business could be adversely affected.
Our success depends upon the quality of the employees we hire. We seek employees who are motivated, represent our corporate culture and brand image and, for many positions, have knowledge of our merchandise and the skill necessary to excel in a customer service environment. The turnover rate in the retail industry is high and finding qualified candidates to fill positions may be difficult. If we cannot attract and retain corporate and distribution center employees, regional, district and store managers, and store associates with the qualifications we deem necessary at requisite cost, our ability to effectively operate and expand may be adversely affected. We additionally rely on temporary personnel to staff our distribution and fulfillment centers, as well as seasonal part-time employees to provide incremental staffing to our stores in busy selling seasons such as the back-to-school and winter holiday seasons. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we furloughed certain of our employees and, thereafter, have experienced challenges in finding temporary or seasonal staffing, which may create additional challenges in attracting and retaining quality employees in the future. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to find adequate temporary or seasonal personnel to staff our operations when needed, which may strain our existing personnel or increase costs, and negatively impact our operations.
Our business largely depends on a strong brand image, and if we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, particularly in new markets where we have limited brand recognition, we may be unable to increase or maintain our level of sales.
We believe that our brand image and brand awareness has contributed significantly to the success of our business. We also believe that maintaining and enhancing our brand image, particularly in new markets where we have limited brand recognition, is important to maintaining and expanding our customer base. As we execute our growth strategy, our ability to maintain the strength and distinctiveness of our brand image in our existing markets, successfully integrate new stores into their surrounding communities, or to expand into new markets will be adversely impacted if we fail to connect with our target customer. Maintaining and enhancing our brand image may require us to make substantial investments in areas such as merchandising, marketing, store operations, e-commerce, social media, community relations, store graphics, catalog distribution and employee training, which could adversely affect our cash flow and which may not ultimately be successful. Failure to successfully market our brand in new and existing markets could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Any inability to balance merchandise bearing our proprietary brands with the third-party branded merchandise we sell may have an adverse effect on our sales and gross margin.
Our proprietary branded merchandise represents a significant portion of our net sales. Our proprietary branded merchandise generally has a higher gross margin than the third-party branded merchandise we offer. As a result, we may determine that it is best for us to continue to hold or increase the penetration of our proprietary brands in the future. However, carrying our proprietary brands limits the amount of third-party branded merchandise we can carry and, therefore, there is a risk that the
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customers’ perception that we offer many major brands will decline. By maintaining or increasing the amount of our proprietary branded merchandise, we are also exposed to greater fashion risk, as we may fail to anticipate fashion trends correctly. These risks, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on sales and profitability.
Most of our merchandise is produced in foreign countries, making the price and availability of our merchandise susceptible to international trade and other international conditions.
Although we purchase our merchandise from domestic suppliers, these suppliers have a majority of their merchandise made in foreign countries. Some foreign countries can be, and have been, affected by political and economic instability and natural disasters, negatively impacting trade, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which continues to result in material delays in the delivery of certain merchandise to us from foreign manufacturers. The countries in which our merchandise currently is manufactured or may be manufactured in the future could become subject to new trade restrictions imposed by the United States or other foreign governments. Trade restrictions, including increased tariffs or quotas, embargoes and customs restrictions, against apparel items, as well as United States or foreign labor strikes, work stoppages or boycotts (including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or other events) could increase the cost or reduce the supply of apparel available to us and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our merchandise supply could be impacted if our suppliers’ imports become subject to existing or future duties and quotas, or if our suppliers face increased competition from other companies for production facilities, import quota capacity and shipping capacity. Any increase in the cost of our merchandise or limitation on the amount of merchandise we are able to purchase could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our corporate headquarters, distribution and e-commerce fulfillment centers and certain information technology systems are in Irvine, California, and if their operations are disrupted, we may not be able to fully operate our store support functions, ship merchandise to our stores, or fulfill e-commerce orders, which would adversely affect our business.
Our corporate headquarters, distribution centers and certain information technology systems are in two locations in Irvine, California. If we encounter any disruptions to our operations within these buildings or if they were to shut down for any reason, including by fire or other natural disaster, or as a result of the pandemics/epidemics, including COVID-19 pandemic, then we may be prevented from effectively operating our stores, shipping and processing our merchandise and operating our e-commerce platform. For example, in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, we discontinued the operations of the distribution center for our stores and implemented other precautions in our corporate offices and distribution centers that materially disrupted our operations in Irvine, California, and we may need to do so again in the future. Furthermore, the risk of disruption or shut down at these buildings is greater than it might be if they were located in another region, as southern California is prone to certain natural disasters such as earthquakes and wildfires. Any disruption or shut down at these locations could significantly impact our operations and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our stores are mostly located in the southwestern and northeastern United States and in Florida, with a significant number of stores located in California, putting us at risk of region-specific disruptions.
The majority of our stores are located in California, Arizona, Nevada, Florida and the northeastern United States. Sales in these states could be more susceptible to disruptions than other parts of the country, such as from economic and weather conditions, demographic and population changes and changes in fashion tastes, and consequently, we may be more susceptible to these factors than more geographically diversified competitors. Compared to the country as a whole, stores in California are exposed to a relatively high risk of damage from a major earthquake or wildfires, while stores in Florida are exposed to a relatively high risk from hurricane damage. Any negative impact upon or disruption to the operations of stores in these states could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Factors associated with climate change could adversely affect our business.
We are subject to several risks related to climate change that could adversely affect our business. For example, we use natural gas, gasoline, and electricity in our distribution and retail operations, and increases in costs related to those resources could adversely affect our profitability. Similarly, our third-party vendors, manufacturers, and distribution providers also use such resources in their operations, and they may pass along increases to such costs to us. Government regulations limiting carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions may also increase compliance, shipping, and merchandise costs, and other regulation affecting energy inputs, could materially affect our profitability. As the economy transitions to lower carbon intensity, we cannot guarantee that we will make adequate investments or successfully implement strategies that will effectively achieve our climate-related goals, which could lead to negative perceptions among customers and investors and result in reputational harm. Climate change, extreme weather conditions, wildfires, droughts, and rising sea levels could affect our ability to procure merchandise at costs and in quantities we currently experience.
Litigation costs and the outcome of litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business.
From time to time we may be subject to litigation claims through the ordinary course of our business operations regarding, but not limited to, employment matters, compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, apparel, footwear and
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accessory safety standards, security of customer and employee personal information, contractual relations with vendors, marketing and infringement of trademarks and other intellectual property rights. For example, we are currently engaged in several legal proceedings described elsewhere in this Report. Litigation to defend ourselves against claims by third parties, or to enforce any rights that we may have against third parties, may continue to be necessary, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources, causing a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
If our vendors and manufacturing sources fail to use acceptable labor or other practices our reputation may be harmed, which could negatively impact our business.
We purchase merchandise from independent third-party vendors and manufacturers. If any of these suppliers have practices that are not legal or accepted in the United States, consumers may develop a negative view of us, our brand image could be damaged, and we could become the subject of boycotts by our customers and/or interest groups. Further, if the suppliers violate labor or other laws of their own country, these violations could cause disruptions or delays in their shipments of merchandise. For example, much of our merchandise is manufactured in China and Mexico, which have different labor practices than the United States. We do not independently investigate whether our suppliers are operating in compliance with all applicable laws and therefore we rely upon the suppliers’ representations set forth in our purchase orders and vendor agreements concerning the suppliers’ compliance with such laws. If our goods are manufactured using illegal or unacceptable labor practices in these countries, or other countries from which our suppliers source the product we purchase, our ability to supply merchandise for our stores without interruption, our brand image and, consequently, our sales may be adversely affected.
If we lose key management personnel our operations could be negatively impacted.
Our business and growth depends upon the leadership and experience of our key executive management team, including our co-founder, Hezy Shaked, who currently serves as our Chief Strategy Officer and Executive Chairman of our Board of Directors, and Edmond Thomas, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and we may be unable to retain their services. We also may be unable to retain other existing management personnel that are critical to our success, which could result in harm to our vendor and employee relationships, loss of key information, expertise or know-how and unanticipated recruitment and training costs. The loss of services of any of our key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects, and could be viewed in a negative light by investors and analysts, which could cause our Class A common stock price to decline. Except for Mr. Thomas, none of our employees has an employment agreement. We do not intend to purchase key person life insurance covering any employee. If we lose the services of any of our key personnel or we are not able to attract additional qualified personnel, we may not be able to successfully manage our business.
We rely on third parties to deliver merchandise to our stores located outside of southern California and therefore our business could be negatively impacted by disruptions in the operations of these third-party providers.
We rely on third parties to ship our merchandise from our distribution center in Irvine, California to our stores located across the United States, as well as to ship e-commerce sales packages directly to our customers. Relying on these third-party delivery services puts us at risk from disruptions in their operations, such as employee strikes, inclement weather and their ability to meet our shipping demands (including as a result of pandemics/epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic). If we are forced to use other delivery services, our costs could increase, and we may not be able to meet shipment deadlines. Moreover, we may not be able to obtain delivery terms as favorable as those received from the transportation providers we currently use, which would further increase our costs. These circumstances may negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on print and online marketing services.
We use the U.S. Postal Service to mail printed marketing materials several times each year to inform our customers about our products, acquire new customers, drive customers into our stores, and promote our website and stores. As a result, postal rates and paper and printing costs affect the cost of our mailings. We also use third-party online services to market our website and stores and to distribute promotions to attract new customers and encourage existing customers to purchase from us. Any significant or unanticipated increase in postage, reduction in postal service, or slow-down in postal delivery, increases in paper and printing costs, increases in the cost of our online marketing services or any service interruption or failure on the part of such service providers could impair our ability to deliver printed marketing materials or our online marketing in a timely or economically efficient manner. This could also adversely impact our sales and earnings if we are unable to pass such increases on to our customers or are unable to implement more efficient printing, mailing, delivery and order fulfillment systems or, in the case of our online marketing, to find alternative providers in a timely manner and on terms that are not significantly more costly to us.
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Risks Related to Information Technology, Data Privacy and Intellectual Property
If our information technology fails to operate or is unable to support our growth, our operations could be disrupted.
We rely upon our management information systems in almost every aspect of our daily business operations. For example, our management information systems serve an integral part in enabling us to order merchandise, process merchandise at our distribution center and retail stores, perform and track sales transactions, manage personnel, pay vendors and employees, operate our e-commerce platform and report financial and accounting information to management. In addition, we rely on our management information systems to enable us to leverage our costs as we grow. If our management information systems fail to operate or are unable to support our growth, our store and e-commerce operations could be severely disrupted, and we could be required to make significant additional expenditures to remediate any such failure, which may negatively impact our financial condition.
Our business is subject to a variety of laws, rules, and other obligations regarding data protection and privacy, which could result in additional compliance costs, subject us to enforcement actions, or cause us to change our platform or business practices.
We are subject to a complex array of federal, state, and international laws relating to the collection, use, retention, disclosure, security, and transfer of personal data. Many jurisdictions have passed laws in this area, including, for example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 and California Privacy Rights Act, including amendments thereto, and other jurisdictions are considering imposing additional restrictions, including regulating the level of notice and consent required to collect and process end-user data. The data protection landscape is rapidly evolving, and implementation standards and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Complying with emerging and changing laws and requirements may cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices.
The cost of compliance with these laws, regulations, policies, legal obligations and industry standards is high and is likely to increase in the future. If our privacy or data security measures fail or are perceived to fail to comply with current or future laws, regulations, policies, legal obligations or industry standards, or any changed interpretations of the foregoing, we may be subject to litigation, regulatory investigations, enforcement actions, inquiries, prosecutions, fines or other liabilities, as well as negative publicity and a potential loss of business. Moreover, if future laws, regulations, industry standards, or other legal obligations, or any changed interpretations of the foregoing, further limit the ability of our customers, partners or service providers to use and share personally identifiable information or other data or our ability to store, process and share personally identifiable information or other data, our costs could increase and our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed. Even the perception of privacy or data protection concerns, whether or not valid, may inhibit customer engagement with us and our e-commerce platform. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with federal, state, or foreign laws or self-regulatory standards could result in negative publicity, significant fines and expenses for remediation, diversion of management time and effort and proceedings against us by governmental entities, individuals or others.
Our internal operations, management information systems and databases containing the personal information of our employees and customers could be disrupted by system security or operational failures or breached by intentional attacks. These disruptions or attacks could negatively impact our sales, increase our expenses, and harm our reputation.
Database privacy, network security and identity theft are matters of growing public concern. Hackers, computer programmers and internal users may be able to penetrate our network security and create system and operational disruptions, cause shutdowns or loss of data, and misappropriate our confidential information or that of third parties, including our employees and customers. We may incur significant costs related to prevention of breaches of our cyber-security and to comply with laws regarding the unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, including customer payment information, and we could incur significant expenses addressing problems created by security breaches to our network, including potential remediation efforts, reputational harm, and litigation. This risk is heightened because we collect and store customer information for marketing purposes, and use credit card information to process transactions. While we do take various precautions to secure customer information and prevent unauthorized access to our database of confidential information, if unauthorized parties, including external hackers or computer programmers, gain access to our database, they may nevertheless be able to steal this confidential information. Our failure to secure this information could result in costly litigation, adverse publicity or regulatory action that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, sophisticated hardware and operating system software and applications that we procure from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture that could unexpectedly interfere with our operations, including potentially unintentionally sharing personal information retained by us, or may not remain current with the rapidly-evolving cybersecurity risks. The cost to alleviate security risks, defects in software and hardware and address any problems that occur could negatively impact our sales, distribution and other critical functions, as well as our financial results.
If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our financial results may be negatively impacted.
Our success depends in large part on our brand image. Our company’s name, logo, domain name and our proprietary brands and our registered and unregistered trademarks and copyrights are valuable assets that serve to differentiate us from our
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competitors. We currently rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, trade dress and unfair competition laws to establish and protect our intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect our proprietary rights will be adequate to prevent infringement of our trademarks and proprietary rights by others, including imitation and misappropriation of our brand. There can be no assurance that obstacles will not arise as we expand our product lines and geographic scope. The unauthorized use or misappropriation of our intellectual property could damage our brand identity and the goodwill we created for our company, which could cause our sales to decline. Moreover, litigation may be necessary to protect or enforce these intellectual property rights, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources, causing a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. If we cannot protect our intellectual property rights, our brand identity and the goodwill we created for our company may diminish, causing our sales to decline.
Most of our intellectual property has not been registered outside of the United States and we cannot prohibit other companies from using our unregistered trademarks in foreign countries. Use of our trademarks in foreign countries could negatively impact our identity in the United States and cause our sales to decline.
We may be subject to liability if we, or our vendors, infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties.
We may be subject to liability if we infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties. If we were to be found liable for any such infringement, we could be required to pay substantial damages and could be subject to injunctions preventing further infringement. Such infringement claims could harm our brand image. In addition, any payments we are required to make and any injunction with which we are required to comply as a result of such infringement actions could adversely affect our financial results.
We purchase merchandise from vendors that may utilize design copyrights, or design patents, or that may otherwise incorporate protected intellectual property. We are not involved in the manufacture of any of the merchandise we purchase from our vendors for sale to our customers, and we do not independently investigate whether these vendors legally hold intellectual property rights to merchandise that they are manufacturing or distributing. As a result, we rely upon vendors’ representations set forth in our purchase orders and vendor agreements concerning their right to sell us the products that we purchase from them. If a third-party claims to have licensing rights with respect to merchandise we purchased from a vendor, or we acquire unlicensed merchandise, we could be obligated to remove such merchandise from our stores, incur costs associated with destruction of such merchandise if the distributor or vendor is unwilling or unable to reimburse us and be subject to liability under various civil and criminal causes of action, including actions to recover unpaid royalties and other damages and injunctions. Although our purchase orders and vendor agreement require the vendor to indemnify us against such claims, a vendor may not have the financial resources to defend itself or us against such claims, in which case we may have to pay the costs and expenses associated with defending such claim. Any of these results could harm our brand image and have a material adverse effect on our business and growth.
Risks Related to Our Ownership Structure and Ownership of Our Common Stock
Our founders control a majority of the voting power of our common stock, which may prevent other stockholders from influencing corporate decisions and may result in conflicts of interest.
Our common stock consists of two classes: Class A and Class B. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share, and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share, on all matters to be voted on by our common stockholders. All of the shares of Class B common stock are beneficially owned by Hezy Shaked and Tilly Levine. As a result, Mr. Shaked and Ms. Levine own a significant economic interest in the company and substantial majority of the total voting power of our outstanding common stock. In addition, Mr. Shaked serves as Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors, and is the voting trustee, pursuant to a voting trust agreement, covering the shares owned by Ms. Levine. As a result, Mr. Shaked may dictate the outcome of most corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and mergers, acquisitions and other significant corporate transactions. Mr. Shaked may delay or prevent a change of control from occurring, even if the change of control could appear to benefit the stockholders. Mr. Shaked may also have interests that differ from other stockholders and may vote in a way with which stockholders disagree and which may be adverse to the interests of other stockholders. This ownership concentration may adversely impact the trading of our Class A common stock because of a perceived conflict of interest that may exist, thereby depressing the value of our Class A common stock.
We are a controlled company within the meaning of the NYSE rules, and, as a result, we may rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to stockholders of other companies.
Mr. Shaked controls more than 50% of the total voting power of our common stock and we are considered a controlled company under the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. As a controlled company, certain exemptions under the NYSE listing standards will exempt us from the obligation to comply with certain NYSE corporate governance requirements, including the requirements:
•that a majority of our Board of Directors consist of independent directors, as defined under the rules of the NYSE;
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•that we have a corporate governance and nominating committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and
•that we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities.
Although we intend to continue to comply with these listing requirements even though we are a controlled company, there is no guarantee that we will not take advantage of these exemptions in the future. Accordingly, so long as we are a controlled company, holders of our Class A common stock may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the NYSE corporate governance requirements.
If securities or industry analysts publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price and trading volume of our Class A common stock could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our Class A common stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our Class A common stock would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our Class A common stock could decrease, which could cause the price of our Class A common stock and trading volume to decline.
Financial forecasting by us and financial analysts who may publish estimates of our performance may differ materially from actual results.
Given the dynamic nature of our business, the current uncertain economic climate and the inherent limitations in predicting the future, forecasts of our revenues, comparable sales, margins, net income and other financial and operating forecasts may differ materially from actual results. Such discrepancies could cause a decline in the trading price of our Class A common stock.
We have a small public float compared to other larger publicly-traded companies, which may result in price swings in our Class A common stock or make it difficult to acquire or dispose of our Class A common stock.
This small public float can result in large swings in our stock price with relatively low trading volume. In addition, a purchaser that seeks to acquire a significant number of shares may be unable to do so without increasing our common stock price, and conversely, a seller that seeks to dispose of a significant number of shares may experience a decreasing stock price.
The price of our Class A common stock has been, and may continue to be, volatile and may decline in value.
The market for retail apparel stocks can be highly volatile. As a result, the market price of our Class A common stock is likely to be volatile and investors may experience a decrease in the value of the Class A common stock, unrelated to our operations. The price of our Class A common stock has, and could in the future, fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, as discussed in this “Risk Factors” section. Further, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, and could also require us to make substantial payments to satisfy judgments or to settle litigation. The threat or filing of class action litigation lawsuits could cause the price of our Class A common stock to decline.
Future sales of our common stock by us or by existing stockholders could cause the price of our Class A common stock to decline.
Any sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, may cause the market price for our Class A common stock to decline. Most of these are freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act. The shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock held by Mr. Shaked and Ms. Levine, and the shares of Class A common stock held by our directors, officers and other affiliates, are restricted securities under the Securities Act, and may not be sold in the public market unless the sale is registered under the Securities Act or an exemption from registration is available.
While we have paid special cash dividends in the past, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in the future, which may make our Class A common stock less desirable to investors and decrease its value.
From February 2017 through December 2021 we have paid aggregate special cash dividends of $5.70 per share to all holders of record of issued and outstanding shares of our common stock across six separate special cash dividends, and there can be no assurance that we will pay additional cash dividends on our common stock in the future. We do not currently have any formal plans for paying any additional cash dividends on our common stock. Therefore, capital appreciation, if any, of our Class A common stock could be the sole source of gain for our Class A common stockholders for the foreseeable future.
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Our corporate organizational documents and Delaware law have anti-takeover provisions that may inhibit or prohibit a takeover of us and the replacement or removal of our management.
In addition to the concentration of ownership and voting power held by Mr. Shaked and Ms. Levine, the anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law, as well as the provisions contained in our corporate organizational documents, may make an acquisition of us more difficult. For example:
•our certificate of incorporation includes a provision authorizing our Board of Directors to issue blank check preferred stock without stockholder approval, which, if issued, would increase the number of outstanding shares of our capital stock and could make it more difficult for a stockholder to acquire us;
•our certificate of incorporation provides that if all shares of our Class B common stock are converted into Class A common stock or otherwise cease to be outstanding, our Board of Directors will be divided into three classes in the manner provided by our certificate of incorporation. After the directors in each class serve for the initial terms provided in our certificate of incorporation, each class will serve for a staggered three-year term;
•our certificate of incorporation permits removal of a director only for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the company once the Board of Directors is divided into three classes and provides that director vacancies can only be filled by an affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office;
•our amended and restated bylaws require advance notice of stockholder proposals and director nominations; and
•Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law may prevent large stockholders from completing a merger or acquisition of us.
These provisions may prevent a merger or acquisition of us which could limit the price investors would pay for our common stock in the future.
Our amended and restated bylaws designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees.
Our amended and restated bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (iv) any action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Any person purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to this provision of our amended and restated bylaws. This choice-of-forum provision may limit our stockholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our amended and restated bylaws inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
General Risks
Epidemics, pandemics, war, terrorism, civil unrest or other public disruptions could negatively affect our business.
All of our stores are located in public areas where large numbers of people typically gather. Epidemics or pandemics, including COVID-19, terrorist attacks or threats thereof, civil unrest, and/or acts or threats of violence involving public areas could cause people not to visit areas where our stores are located, and could have other potential impacts that may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Further, armed conflicts or acts of war throughout the world may create uncertainty, causing consumers to spend less on discretionary purchases, including on apparel and accessories, and disrupting our ability to obtain merchandise for our stores. Such decreases in consumer spending or disruptions in our ability to obtain merchandise would likely decrease our sales and materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Other types of violence, such as shootings in malls or in public areas, could lead to lower traffic in shopping malls or centers in which we operate stores. In addition, local authorities or management from the mall or shopping center could close the mall or shopping center in response to security concerns. Such closures, as well as lower traffic due to security concerns, could result in decreased sales.
We may be subject to unionization and work stoppages, or slowdowns.
Currently, none of our employees are represented by a union. However, our employees have the right under the National Labor Relations Act to form or affiliate with a union. If some or all of our workforce were to become unionized and the terms of the collective bargaining agreement were significantly different from our current compensation arrangements, it could increase our costs and adversely impact our profitability. Moreover, participation in labor unions could put us at increased risk of labor strikes and disruption of our operations.
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Violations of and/or changes in laws, including employment laws and laws related to our merchandise and our e-commerce platform, could make conducting our business more expensive or change the way we do business.
We are subject to numerous regulations, including labor and employment, customs, truth-in-advertising, consumer protection, health and safety, and zoning and occupancy laws and ordinances that regulate retailers generally and/or govern the importation, promotion and sale of merchandise and the operation of stores and warehouse facilities. If these regulations were violated by our management, employees or vendors, the costs of certain goods could increase, or we could experience delays in shipments of our goods, be subject to fines or penalties or suffer reputational harm, which could reduce demand for our merchandise and hurt our business and results of operations. Similarly, changes in laws could make operating our business more expensive or require us to change the way we do business (such as those enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic). For example, changes in laws related to employee health care, hours, wages, job classification and benefits could significantly increase operating costs and adversely impact our results of operations. Furthermore, changes in product safety or other consumer protection laws could lead to increased costs for certain merchandise, or additional labor costs associated with readying merchandise for sale. It may be difficult for us to foresee regulatory changes impacting our business and our actions needed to respond to changes in the law could be costly and may negatively impact our operations.
We depend on cash generated from our operations to support our growth, which could strain our cash flow.
We primarily rely on cash flows generated from existing stores to fund our current operations and our growth plans. An increase in our net cash outflow for new stores or remodels of existing stores could adversely affect our operations by reducing the amount of cash available to address other aspects of our business. In addition, as we expand our business, we will need significant amounts of cash from operations to pay our existing and future lease obligations, build out new store space, remodel existing stores, purchase inventory, create new marketing and advertising initiatives, fund the expansion of our e-commerce business, pay personnel, pay for the increased costs associated with operating as a public company, and, if necessary, further invest in our infrastructure and facilities. If our business does not generate sufficient cash flows from operations to fund these activities and sufficient funds are not otherwise available from our existing revolving credit facility or future credit facilities, we may need additional equity or debt financing. If such financing is not available to us on satisfactory terms, our ability to operate and expand our business or to respond to competitive pressures would be limited and we could be required to delay, curtail or eliminate planned store openings or investment in existing stores. Moreover, if we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities or securities convertible into equity securities, your ownership may be diluted. Any debt financing we may incur may impose covenants on us that restrict our operations or require interest payments that would create additional cash demands and financial risk for us.
We may experience fluctuations in our tax obligations and effective tax rate.
We are subject to income taxes in federal and applicable state and local tax jurisdictions in the U.S. We record tax expense based on our estimates of current and future payments based on the income tax laws currently in effect. At any time, many tax years are subject to audit by various taxing jurisdictions. The results of these audits and negotiations with taxing authorities may impact the ultimate settlement of these tax positions. As a result, there could be ongoing variability in our tax rates as taxable events occur and exposures are re-evaluated. Further, our effective tax rate in any financial statement period may be materially affected by changes in the mix and level of earnings, or changes in tax laws in any relevant jurisdiction.
The implementation of climate change, environmental, social, and governance initiatives, as well as sustainability initiatives, could lead to regulatory or structural modifications within the industry. Such changes may necessitate substantial operational adjustments and expenses, dampen demand for the Company's goods, and have an unfavorable impact on our business, financial health, marketing strategy and performance.
Climate change, environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) and sustainability are a growing global movement. The ongoing political and societal attention on these issues has led to the creation of both current and potential international agreements, as well as national, regional, and local laws, regulations, reporting requirements, and policy shifts. Additionally, in some of the regions where we conduct business, there is growing social pressure to limit greenhouse gas emissions, along with other global initiatives. Such agreements and measures may necessitate, or could result in forthcoming legislation, regulatory measures, litigation or policy shifts that could require operational changes, additional compliance or disclosure obligations, taxes, or purchases of emission credits to decrease the emission of greenhouse gases from our operations, which could result in significant additional costs or expenses, cause us reputational harm, and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, marketing strategy, and results of operations.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
We lease approximately 172,000 square feet for our corporate headquarters and retail support and distribution center located at 10 Whatney and 12 Whatney, Irvine, California. Our lease began on January 1, 2003 and terminates on December 31, 2027.
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We lease approximately 26,000 square feet of office and warehouse space located at 11 Whatney, Irvine, California. The lease began on August 1, 2022 and terminates on June 30, 2032.
We lease approximately 81,000 square feet for our e-commerce fulfillment center located at 17 Pasteur, Irvine, California. The lease began on November 1, 2021 and terminates on October 31, 2031.
All of our 249 stores, encompassing a total of approximately 1.8 million total square feet as of January 28, 2023, are occupied under operating leases. The store leases generally have a base lease term of 10 years and many have renewal option periods, and we are generally responsible for payment of property taxes and utilities, common area maintenance and mall marketing fees.
We consider all of our properties adequate for our present and anticipated future needs.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The information under the subheading "Legal Proceedings" contained in "Note 10: Commitments and Contingencies" to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report is incorporated by reference into this Item.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our Class A common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “TLYS”. There is no established trading market for our Class B common stock. As of April 7, 2023, we had approximately eleven stockholders of record, nine of whom were holders of our Class A common stock and two of whom were holders of our Class B common stock. The number of stockholders of record is based upon the actual number of stockholders registered at such date and does not include holders of shares in “street names” or persons, partnerships, associates, corporations or other entities identified in security position listings maintained by depositories.
Dividends on Common Stock
We did not pay any special cash dividends in 2022. We paid special cash dividends of $1.00 per share in each of July and December of 2021, and in February of each of 2020, 2019 and 2018 to all holders of record of issued and outstanding shares of our common stock. There can be no assurance that we will pay additional cash dividends on our common stock in the future, and we do not currently have any formal plans to issue dividends in the future at this time.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023 (the "2023 Proxy Statement").
Stock Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative stockholder return on our Class A common stock for the five years ended January 28, 2023 to the cumulative return of (i) the S&P Midcap 400 Index and (ii) the S&P 400 Apparel Retail Index over the same period. This graph assumes an initial investment of $100 on February 3, 2018 in our Class A common stock, the S&P Midcap 400 Index and the S&P 400 Apparel Retail Index and assumes the reinvestment of dividends, if any.
Comparison of 5-Year Cumulative Total Return as of January 28, 2023
Among Tilly's, Inc., the S&P Midcap 400 Index and the S&P 400 Apparel Retail Index
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
We did not sell any unregistered equity securities during the fiscal year or purchase any of our securities during the three months ended January 28, 2023.
Item 6. Reserved
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes and the information contained in other sections of this report, particularly under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Business”. This discussion and analysis is based on the beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. The statements in this discussion and analysis concerning expectations regarding our future performance, liquidity and capital resources, as well as other non-historical statements in this discussion and analysis, are forward-looking statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements”. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those described under “Risk Factors”. Our actual results could differ materially from those suggested or implied by any forward-looking statements.
We operate on a fiscal calendar widely used by the retail industry that results in a given fiscal year consisting of a 52- or 53-week period ending on the Saturday closest to January 31 of the following year. References to "fiscal year 2022" or "fiscal 2022" refer to the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023, references to "fiscal year 2021" or "fiscal 2021" refer to the fiscal year ended January 29, 2022 and references to "fiscal year 2020” or "fiscal 2020” refer to the fiscal year ended January 30, 2021. Fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020 each consisted of a 52-week period.
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 appears below. As permitted by SEC rules, we have omitted the discussion and analysis of our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations for fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. See Item 7,“Management’s Discussions and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 29, 2022, for this discussion.
Overview
Tillys is a leading destination specialty retailer of casual apparel, footwear, accessories and hardgoods for young men, young women, boys and girls. We believe we bring together an unparalleled selection of iconic global, emerging and proprietary brands rooted in an active and outdoor lifestyle. The Tillys concept began in 1982 when our co-founders, Hezy Shaked and Tilly Levine, opened our first store in Orange County, California. As of January 28, 2023, we operated 249 stores in 33 states, averaging approximately 7,300 square feet. We also sell our products through our e-commerce website, www.tillys.com.
Known or Anticipated Trends
Economic Trends
During fiscal 2022, the economic environment included the highest inflationary pressures in the past 40 years, resulting in significant price increases on gas, food, rental housing and other items. We believe this inflationary environment had a significant, adverse impact on our consumers and, by extension, our operating results for the year, particularly when compared to our operating results for fiscal 2021 which we believe were significantly aided by the considerable pent-up consumer demand exiting 2020 pandemic restrictions and the impact of federal stimulus payments. High inflation remains a significant concern entering fiscal 2023 and may continue to negatively impact consumer spending generally and our business specifically. These economic pressures have also resulted in increased costs for many products and services that are necessary for the operation of our business, such as product costs, labor costs, shipping costs, and digital marketing costs, among others. For example, store payroll represents approximately 40% of our total selling, general and administrative expenses. Our average hourly rate for store payroll in early fiscal 2023 was 24% higher than in fiscal 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, and 7% higher than in fiscal 2022. Minimum wage increases for 2023 are expected to cost us an estimated additional $3 million during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022. These and other cost increases may continue to have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition in fiscal 2023, particularly if the broader economy is negatively impacted by recessionary impacts for an extended period of time.
Preliminary Fiscal 2023 New Store Openings and Capital Expenditure Plans
During fiscal 2023, we currently expect to open up to 10 new stores within existing markets, assuming we are able to negotiate what we believe to be acceptable lease terms. We expect our total capital expenditures for fiscal 2023 to be within the range of $15 million to $20 million, inclusive of our new store plans and upgrades to certain distribution and information technology infrastructure systems.
How We Assess the Performance of Our Business
In assessing the performance of our business, we consider a variety of performance and financial measures. The key indicators of the financial condition and operating performance of our business are net sales, comparable store sales, gross profit, selling, general and administrative expenses and operating income.
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Net Sales
Net sales reflect revenue from the sale of our merchandise at store locations and through e-commerce, net of sales taxes. Store sales are reflected in sales when the merchandise is received by the customer. For e-commerce sales, we recognize revenue, and the related cost of goods sold at the time the merchandise is shipped to the customer. Net sales also include shipping and handling fees for e-commerce shipments that have been shipped to the customer. Net sales are net of returns on sales during the period as well as an estimate of returns expected in the future stemming from current period sales. We recognize revenue from gift cards as they are redeemed for merchandise. Prior to redemption, we maintain a current liability for unredeemed gift card balances. Our gift cards do not have expiration dates and in most cases there is no legal obligation to remit unredeemed gift cards to relevant jurisdictions. Based on actual historical redemption patterns, we determined that a small percentage of gift cards are unlikely to be redeemed (which we refer to as gift card “breakage”). Based on our historical gift card breakage rate, we recognize breakage revenue over the redemption period in proportion to actual gift card redemptions.
Our business is seasonal and as a result our revenues fluctuate from quarter to quarter. In addition, our revenues in any given quarter can be affected by a number of factors including the timing of holidays and weather patterns. The third and fourth quarters of the fiscal year, which include the back-to-school and holiday sales seasons, have historically produced stronger sales and disproportionately stronger operating results than have the first two quarters of the fiscal year.
Comparable Store Sales
Comparable store sales is a measure that indicates the change in year-over-year comparable store sales, which allows us to evaluate how our store base is performing. Numerous factors affect our comparable store sales, including:
•overall economic trends;
•our ability to attract traffic to our stores and online platform;
•our ability to identify and respond effectively to consumer preferences and fashion trends;
•competition;
•the timing of our releases of new and seasonal styles;
•changes in our product mix;
•pricing;
•the level of customer service that we provide in stores;
•our ability to source and distribute products efficiently;
•calendar shifts of holiday or seasonal periods;
•the number and timing of store openings and the relative proportion of new stores to mature stores; and
•the timing and success of promotional and advertising efforts.
Our comparable store sales are defined as sales from our e-commerce platform and stores open on a daily basis compared to the same respective fiscal dates of the prior year. A remodeled, relocated or refreshed store is included in comparable store sales, both during and after construction, if the square footage of the store used to sell merchandise was not changed by more than 20% in any fiscal month. We include sales from our e-commerce platform as part of comparable store sales as we manage and analyze our business on a single omni-channel basis and have substantially integrated our investments and operations for our stores and e-commerce platform to give our customers seamless access and increased ease of shopping. Comparable store sales exclude gift card breakage income and e-commerce shipping and handling fee revenue. Some of our competitors and other retailers may calculate comparable or “same store” sales differently than we do. As a result, data in this Report regarding our comparable store sales may not be comparable to similar data made available by other retailers.
Gross Profit
Gross profit is equal to our net sales less our cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold reflects the direct cost of purchased merchandise as well as buying, distribution and occupancy costs. Buying costs include compensation and benefit expense for our internal buying organization. Distribution costs include costs for receiving, processing and warehousing our store merchandise, and shipping of merchandise to or from our distribution and e-commerce fulfillment centers and to our e-commerce customers and between store locations. Occupancy costs include the rent, common area maintenance, utilities, property taxes, security and depreciation costs of all store locations. These costs are significant and can be expected to continue to increase as our company grows. The components of our reported cost of goods sold may not be comparable to those of other retail companies.
We regularly analyze the components of gross profit as well as gross profit as a percentage of net sales. Specifically we look at the initial markup on purchases, markdowns and reserves, shrinkage, buying costs, distribution costs and occupancy costs. Any inability to obtain acceptable levels of initial markups, a significant increase in our use of markdowns or a significant increase in inventory shrinkage or inability to generate sufficient sales leverage on the buying, distribution and occupancy components of cost of goods sold could have an adverse impact on our gross profit and results of operations.
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Gross profit is also impacted by shifts in the proportion of sales of proprietary branded products compared to third-party branded products, as well as by sales mix shifts within and between brands and between major product departments such as young men's and women's apparel, footwear or accessories. A substantial shift in the mix of products could have a material impact on our results of operations. In addition, gross profit and gross profit as a percent of sales have historically been higher in the third and fourth quarters of the fiscal year, as these periods include the back-to-school and winter holiday selling seasons. This reflects that various costs, including occupancy costs, generally do not increase in proportion to the seasonal sales increase.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Our selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses are comprised of store selling expenses and corporate-level general and administrative expenses. Store selling expenses include store and regional support costs, including personnel, advertising and debit and credit card processing costs, e-commerce receiving and processing costs and store supplies costs. General and administrative expenses include the payroll and support costs of corporate functions such as executive management, legal, accounting, information systems, human resources, impairment charges and other centralized services. Store selling expenses generally vary proportionately with net sales and store growth. In contrast, general and administrative expenses are generally not directly proportional to net sales and store growth, but will be expected to increase over time to support the needs of our growing company. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales are usually higher in lower volume periods and lower in higher volume periods.
Operating Income (Loss)
Operating income (loss) equals gross profit less SG&A expenses. Operating income (loss) excludes interest income, interest expense and income taxes. Operating income (loss) percentage measures operating income as a percentage of our net sales.
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Results of Operations
The following tables summarize key components of our results of operations for the periods indicated, both in dollars and as a percentage of our net sales:
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Statements of Operations Data: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 672,280 | $ | 775,694 | $ | 531,329 | |||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | 465,916 | 496,083 | 386,326 | ||||||||||||||
| Rent expense, related party | 3,616 | 2,948 | 2,813 | ||||||||||||||
| Total cost of goods sold | 469,532 | 499,031 | 389,139 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 202,748 | 276,663 | 142,190 | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 191,028 | 188,527 | 144,701 | ||||||||||||||
| Rent expense, related party | 533 | 541 | 529 | ||||||||||||||
| Total selling, general and administrative expenses | 191,561 | 189,068 | 145,230 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 11,187 | 87,595 | (3,040) | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | 1,980 | (594) | 581 | ||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 13,167 | 87,001 | (2,459) | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 3,490 | 22,752 | (1,314) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 9,677 | $ | 64,249 | $ | (1,145) | |||||||||||
| Percentage of Net Sales: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | 69.3 | % | 64.0 | % | 72.7 | % | |||||||||||
| Rent expense, related party | 0.5 | % | 0.3 | % | 0.5 | % | |||||||||||
| Total cost of goods sold | 69.8 | % | 64.3 | % | 73.2 | % | |||||||||||
| Gross profit | 30.2 | % | 35.7 | % | 26.8 | % | |||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 28.4 | % | 24.3 | % | 27.2 | % | |||||||||||
| Rent expense, related party | 0.1 | % | 0.1 | % | 0.1 | % | |||||||||||
| Total selling, general and administrative expenses | 28.5 | % | 24.4 | % | 27.3 | % | |||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 1.7 | % | 11.3 | % | (0.6) | % | |||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | 0.3 | % | (0.1) | % | 0.1 | % | |||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 2.0 | % | 11.2 | % | (0.5) | % | |||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 0.5 | % | 2.9 | % | (0.2) | % | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 1.4 | % | 8.3 | % | (0.2) | % | |||||||||||
The following table presents store operating data for the periods indicated:
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Store Operating Data: | |||||||||||||||||
| Stores operating at end of period | 249 | 241 | 238 | ||||||||||||||
Comparable store sales change (1) | (14.6) | % | 16.3 | % | 3.7 | % | |||||||||||
| Total square feet at end of period (in thousands) | 1,818 | 1,764 | 1,751 | ||||||||||||||
Average net sales per brick-and-mortar store (in thousands) (2) | $ | 2,171 | $ | 2,511 | $ | 1,494 | |||||||||||
Average net sales per square foot (2) | $ | 297 | $ | 342 | $ | 202 | |||||||||||
E-commerce revenues (in thousands) (3) | $ | 141,130 | $ | 165,950 | $ | 173,433 | |||||||||||
| E-commerce revenues as a percentage of net sales | 21.0 | % | 21.4 | % | 32.6 | % | |||||||||||
(1)Our comparable store net sales are defined as sales from our e-commerce platform and stores open on a daily basis compared to the same respective fiscal dates of the prior year. A remodeled or relocated store is included in comparable store net sales, both during and after construction, if the square
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footage of the store used to sell merchandise was not changed by more than 20% in any fiscal month. We include sales from our e-commerce platform as part of our comparable store net sales as we manage and analyze our business on an omni-channel basis and have substantially integrated our investments and operations for our stores and e-commerce platform to give our customers seamless access and increased ease of shopping. Comparable store net sales exclude gift card breakage income and e-commerce shipping and handling fee revenue.
(2)The number of stores and the amount of square footage reflect the number of days during the period that stores were open. E-commerce sales, e-commerce shipping and handling fee revenue and gift card breakage income are excluded from net sales in deriving average net sales per retail store and average net sales per square foot.
(3)E-commerce net sales include e-commerce sales and e-commerce shipping and handling fee revenue.
Fiscal Year 2022 Compared to Fiscal Year 2021
Net Sales
Total net sales were $672.3 million, a decrease of $103.4 million, or 13.3%, compared to $775.7 million last year, primarily due to the impacts of last year's pent-up consumer demand and stimulus payments resulting from the pandemic.
| $ millions | Attributable to | |||||||
| $(111.3) | Decrease in comparable net sales of 14.6%, including e-commerce. | |||||||
| 7.9 | Increase in non-comparable store sales. | |||||||
| $(103.4) | Total | |||||||
◦Net sales from physical stores were $531.1 million, a decrease of $78.6 million or 12.9%, compared to $609.7 million last year with a comparable store net sales decrease of 14.5%. Net sales from physical stores represented 79.0% of total net sales compared to 78.6% of total net sales last year. We ended fiscal 2022 with 249 total stores compared to 241 total stores at the end of fiscal 2021.
◦Net sales from e-commerce were $141.1 million, a decrease of $24.8 million or 15.0% , compared to $165.9 million last year. E-commerce net sales represented 21.0% of total net sales compared to 21.4% to total net sales last year.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was $202.7 million, or 30.2% of net sales compared to $276.7 million or 35.7% of net sales, last year. Buying, distribution and occupancy costs deleveraged by 290 basis points collectively despite being $1.2 million lower than last year due to carrying these costs against a significantly lower level of net sales this year. Product margins declined by 270 basis points primarily due to an increased markdown rate compared to last year, during which we experienced record full price selling with an abnormally low markdown rate.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses ("SG&A")
SG&A expenses were $191.6 million or 28.5% of net sales, compared to $189.1 million or 24.4% of net sales, last year. The primary components of the SG&A variances, both in terms of percentage of net sales and total dollars, were as follows:
| % | $ millions | Primarily Attributable to | ||||||||||||
| 2.3% | $3.9 | Increase in store payroll and related benefits as a result of having eight net additional stores along with higher hourly wage rates. | ||||||||||||
| 0.2% | 1.7 | Credit from the reversal of a disputed California sales tax assessment in last year's first quarter. | ||||||||||||
| 0.3% | 1.4 | Increase in software as a service cost. | ||||||||||||
| (0.9)% | (7.1) | Decrease in corporate bonus expense due to zero bonus accrual in fiscal 2022. | ||||||||||||
| 0.2% | (1.4) | Decrease in e-commerce marketing expense. | ||||||||||||
| 2.0% | 4.0 | Net change in all other SG&A expenses | ||||||||||||
| 4.1% | $2.5 | Total | ||||||||||||
Operating Income
Operating income was $11.2 million or 1.7% of net sales, compared to $87.6 million or 11.3% of net sales, last year.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $3.5 million or 26.5% of pre-tax income, compared to $22.8 million or 26.2%, of pre-tax income last year.
Net Income and Earnings Per Share
Net income was $9.7 million or $0.32 per diluted share, compared to $64.2 million or $2.06 per diluted share, last year.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our business relies on cash flows from operating activities as well as cash on hand as our primary sources of liquidity. We currently expect to finance company operations, store growth and remodels, and all of our planned capital expenditures with existing cash on hand, marketable securities and cash flows from operations.
In addition to cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, the most significant components of our working capital are merchandise inventories, accounts payable and accrued expenses. We believe that cash flows from operating activities, our cash and marketable securities on hand, and credit facility availability will be sufficient to cover our working capital requirements and anticipated capital expenditures for the next 12 months from the filing of this Report. If cash flows from operations are not sufficient or available to meet our capital requirements, then we will be required to obtain additional equity or debt financing in the future. There can be no assurance that equity or debt financing will be available to us when we need it or, if available, that the terms will be satisfactory to us and not dilutive to our stockholders.
Working Capital
Working capital at January 28, 2023, was $94.1 million compared to $91.8 million at January 29, 2022, an increase of $2.3 million. The changes in our working capital during fiscal 2022 were as follows:
| $ millions | Description | |||||||
| $91.8 | Working capital at January 29, 2022 | |||||||
| (15.0) | Decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, primarily due to lower net income. | |||||||
| (10.9) | Repurchase of shares under our share repurchase program. | |||||||
| 8.9 | Increase primarily due to a decrease in accrued compensation and benefits. | |||||||
| 8.7 | Increase primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable, net of merchandise inventories. | |||||||
| 3.2 | Increase primarily due to a decrease in accrued expenses. | |||||||
| 2.5 | Increase in receivables, primarily due to an increase in tenant allowance receivables. | |||||||
| 4.9 | Other net increases. | |||||||
| $94.1 | Working capital at January 28, 2023 | |||||||
Cash Flow Analysis
A summary of operating, investing and financing activities is shown in the following table:
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | $ | (1,415) | $ | 63,402 | $ | 38,897 | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 42,805 | (45,328) | (3,197) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (10,065) | (52,057) | (29,653) | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 31,325 | $ | (33,983) | $ | 6,047 | |||||||||||
Net Cash (Used In) Provided by Operating Activities
Operating activities consist primarily of net income adjusted for non-cash items that include depreciation, asset impairment write-downs, deferred income taxes and share-based compensation expense, plus the effect on cash of changes during the year in our assets and liabilities.
Net cash used in operating activities was $1.4 million this year compared to net cash provided by of $63.4 million last year. The $64.8 million decrease in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to lower net sales in fiscal 2022 compared to record net sales in fiscal 2021. The net sales decline was primarily due to the impacts of pent-up customer demand following the winding down of the 2020 pandemic restrictions and the pandemic-related federal stimulus payments on fiscal 2021 operations, coupled with the negative impact of a highly inflationary consumer environment in fiscal 2022.
Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Investing Activities
Cash flows from investing activities consist primarily of capital expenditures and maturities and purchases of marketable securities.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $42.8 million this year compared to $45.3 million in net cash used last year. Net cash provided by investing activities in fiscal 2022 consisted of maturities of marketable securities of $147.3 million, partially
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offset by the purchases of marketable securities of $89.3 million and capital expenditures totaling $15.1 million. Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2021 consisted of purchases of marketable securities of $162.3 million and capital expenditures totaling $13.4 million, partially offset by the maturities of marketable securities of $130.4 million.
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
Financing activities primarily consist of cash dividend payments, borrowing and repayments of our line of credit, share repurchases and proceeds from exercises of stock options.
Net cash used in financing activities was $10.1 million this year compared to net cash used of $52.1 million last year. Financing activities in fiscal 2022 consisted of cash used to repurchase shares of our common stock of $10.9 million, partially offset by proceeds from short-swing profit settlement of $0.7 million and proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $0.2 million. Financing activities in fiscal 2021 consisted of dividends paid of $61.6 million, partially offset by proceeds from exercise of stock options of $9.6 million.
Credit Agreement
New Credit Agreement
On January 20, 2022, we entered into a senior secured credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") and revolving line of credit note (the "Note") with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (the “Bank”). The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility (“Revolving Facility”) of up to $25.0 million (“Revolving Commitment”) consisting of revolving loans, letters of credit and swing line loans, with a sub-limit on letters of credit outstanding at any time of $15.0 million. The Revolving Facility matures on January 20, 2024. The payment and performance in full of the secured obligations under the Revolving Facility are secured by a lien on and security interest in all of the assets of our company.
The payment and performance in full of the obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Company pursuant to a continuing guaranty (the "Guaranty") granted by the Company in favor of the Bank. The payment and performance of the Company’s obligations under the Guaranty are secured by a lien on, and pledge of, all of the equity interests owned by the Company.
Borrowings under the Revolving Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the daily simple Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 0.75%. Amounts available to be drawn under outstanding letters of credit accrue fees in an amount equal to 1.00% per annum. The unused portion of the Revolving Commitment is not subject to a commitment fee.
Under the Credit Agreement, we are subject to a variety of affirmative and negative covenants of types customary in a cash-flow-based lending facility, including financial covenants that require maintenance of (1) a ratio of total funded debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and annual rent expenses no greater than 4.00 to 1.00 and (2) a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1.00 (calculation of which takes into account dividends, distributions, redemptions and repurchases of the equity interests of the Company only if the Company’s cash on hand, net of any amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, is less than $50.0 million after giving effect to such dividends, distributions, redemptions or repurchases).
On January 26, 2023, we entered into the First Amendment to the Credit Agreement, with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, which amends the Credit Agreement. The Amendment increased our required Total Funded Debt to EBITDAR ratio for each of the fiscal quarters ended January 28, 2023 and April 29, 2023 from 4.00:1.00 to 4.75:1.00.
Events of default under the Credit Agreement include, among other things, failure to pay principal, interest, fees or other amounts; covenant defaults; material inaccuracy of representations and warranties; bankruptcy events with respect to the Company; actual or asserted invalidity of any of the loan documents; or a change of control of the Company.
In connection with the entry into the Credit Agreement, on January 20, 2022, we entered into certain ancillary agreements, including (i) a security agreement in favor of the Bank (ii) the Guaranty entered into by the Company and (iii) a third party pledge agreement entered into by the Company in favor of the Bank. The security agreement, the guaranty and the pledge agreement replaced (a) the guaranty by the Company in favor of the Bank, dated November 9, 2020, and (b) the security agreement dated as of November 9, 2020, between the Company and the Bank, which were both terminated concurrently with the termination of the Prior Credit Agreement.
As of January 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all of our covenants and had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement.
Prior Credit Agreement
The Credit Agreement replaced our previously existing asset-backed credit agreement (the “Prior Credit Agreement”), dated as of November 9, 2020, as amended, with the Bank, which had revolving commitments of up to $65.0 million, a sub-limit on letters of credit of $10.0 million and a sub-limit for swing-line loans of $7.5 million.
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The Prior Credit Agreement was terminated concurrently with the entry into the Credit Agreement. No borrowings were outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement as of the closing date. The maximum borrowings permitted under the prior credit agreement was equal to the lesser of (x) the revolving commitment and (y) the borrowing base. The borrowing base was equal to (a) 90% of the borrower's eligible credit card receivables, plus (b) 90% of the cost of the borrower's eligible inventory, less inventory reserves established by the agent, and adjusted by the appraised value of such eligible inventory, plus (c) 90% of the cost of the borrower's eligible in-transit inventory, less inventory reserves established by the agent, and adjusted by the appraised value of such eligible in-transit inventory (not to exceed 10% of the total amount of all eligible inventory included in the borrowing base) less (d) reserves established by the agent. As of the closing date, we had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement and the only utilization of the letters of credit sub-limit under the Credit Agreement was a $2.025 million irrevocable standby letter of credit, which was previously issued under the Prior Credit Agreement and was transferred on the closing date to the Credit Agreement.
The unused portion of the revolving commitment under the Prior Credit Agreement accrued a commitment fee, which ranged from 0.375% to 0.50% per annum, based on the average daily borrowing capacity under the revolving facility over the applicable fiscal quarter. Borrowings under the prior credit agreement bear interest at a rate per annum that ranged from the LIBOR rate plus 2.0% to the LIBOR rate plus 2.25%, or the base rate plus 1.0% to the base rate plus 1.25%, based on the average daily borrowing capacity under the prior credit agreement over the applicable fiscal quarter. We were allowed to elect to apply either the LIBOR rate or base rate interest to borrowings at our discretion, other than in the case of swing line loans, to which the base rate shall apply.
Under the Prior Credit Agreement, we were subject to a variety of affirmative and negative covenants of types customary in an asset-based lending facility, including a financial covenant relating to availability, and customary events of default. Prior to the first anniversary of the closing date, we were prohibited from declaring or paying any cash dividends to our respective stockholders or repurchasing of our own common stock. After the first anniversary of the closing date, we were allowed to declare and pay cash dividends to our respective stockholders and repurchase our own common stock, provided, among other things, no default or event of default exists as of the date of any such payment and after giving effect thereto and certain minimum availability and minimum projected availability tests are satisfied.
Contractual Obligations
We enter into long-term contractual obligations and commitments in the normal course of business, primarily non-cancellable operating leases.
We lease approximately 172,000 square feet for our corporate headquarters and distribution center from a company that is owned by the co-founders of Tillys. These buildings are located at 10 and 12 Whatney, Irvine, California. The lease is accounted for as an operating lease and expires on December 31, 2027.
We lease approximately 26,000 square feet of office and warehouse space with a company that is owned by one of the co-founders of Tillys. This building is located at 11 Whatney, Irvine, California. The lease is accounted for as an operating lease and expires on June 30, 2032.
We lease approximately 81,000 square feet for our e-commerce distribution center from a company that is owned by one of the co-founders of Tillys. This building is located at 17 Pasteur, Irvine, California. The lease is accounted for as an operating lease and expires on October 31, 2031.
Our leases are generally non-cancellable operating leases expiring at various dates through fiscal year 2032. Certain leases provide for additional rent based on a percentage of sales and annual rent increases based upon the Consumer Price Index. In addition, many of our store leases contain certain co-tenancy provisions that permit us to pay rent based on a pre-determined percentage of sales when the occupancy of the retail center falls below minimums established in such lease.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires the appropriate application of accounting policies, some of which require us to make estimates and assumptions about future events and their impact on amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. Since future events and their impact cannot be determined with absolute certainty, the actual results will inevitably differ from our estimates.
We believe the application of our accounting policies, and the estimates inherently required therein, are reasonable. Our accounting policies and estimates are reevaluated on an ongoing basis and adjustments are made when facts and circumstances dictate a change.
The policies and estimates discussed below involve the selection or application of alternative accounting policies that are material to our consolidated financial statements. With respect to critical accounting policies, even a relatively minor variance between actual and expected experience can potentially have a materially favorable or unfavorable impact on subsequent results of operations. However, our historical results for the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements have not been
37
materially impacted by such variances. This summary should be read in conjunction with the more complete discussion of our accounting policies and procedures included in "Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements. Management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting policies and estimates with our Board of Directors.
We have certain accounting policies that require more significant management judgment and estimates than others. These include our accounting policies with respect to reserves for sales returns, gift cards, loyalty program, inventory reserves, impairment of long-lived assets and accounting for income taxes, which are more fully described below.
Reserves for Sales Returns
Revenue is recognized net of estimates for sales returns from our customers. We accrue for estimated sales returns from customers based on historical sales returns results for a given period, taking into account the seasonal nature of our business.
Gift Cards
We estimate and record breakage revenue in proportion to actual redemptions on unredeemed gift cards based on historical and expected customer redemption trends. Actual customer redemptions may vary from our estimates. Based on actual historical redemption patterns, we determined that a small percentage of gift cards are unlikely to be redeemed.
Loyalty Program
Based on historical redemption patterns, unredeemed awards and accumulated partial points are accrued as deferred revenue with a corresponding impact to net sales. A liability is estimated based on estimated redemptions and the standalone selling price of points earned and expected future redemptions. Actual customer redemptions may vary from our estimates.
Inventory Reserves
Merchandise inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the retail inventory method. Under the retail inventory method, inventory is stated at its current retail selling value and then is converted to a cost basis by applying a cost-to-retail ratio based on beginning inventory and the fiscal year purchase activity. The retail inventory method inherently requires management judgments and estimates, such as the amount and timing of markdowns needed in order to sell through slow-moving inventories. During each accounting period we record adjustments to our inventories, which are reflected in cost of goods sold, if the cost of specific inventory items on hand exceeds the amount we expect to realize from the ultimate sale or disposal of the inventory. This adjustment calculation requires us to develop assumptions and estimates, which are based on factors such as merchandise seasonality, historical trends and inventory levels, including estimated sell-through rates of remaining units.
To the extent that management’s estimates differ from actual results, additional markdowns may be required that could reduce our gross margin, operating income and the carrying value of inventories. Our success is largely dependent upon our ability to anticipate the changing fashion tastes of our customers and to respond to those changing tastes in a timely manner. If we fail to anticipate, identify or react appropriately to changing styles, trends or brand preferences of our customers, we may experience lower sales, excessive inventories and more frequent and extensive markdowns, which would adversely affect our operating results.
We also record an inventory shrinkage reserve calculated as a percentage of net sales for estimated merchandise losses for the period between the last physical inventory count and the balance sheet date. These estimates are based on historical percentages and can be affected by changes in merchandise mix and changes in shrinkage trends. We perform physical inventory counts at least once per year for the entire chain of stores and our distribution center and adjust the inventory shrinkage reserve accordingly. If actual physical inventory losses differ significantly from the estimate, our results of operations could be adversely impacted. The inventory shrinkage reserve reduces the value of total inventory and is a component of inventories on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The inventory shrinkage reserve at January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022 was not material.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate the carrying value of our long-lived assets, consisting largely of leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures and equipment at store, distribution center and corporate office locations, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. Factors that are considered important that could result in the necessity to perform an impairment review include a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses and a forecast that indicates continuing losses or insufficient income associated with the realization of a long-lived asset or asset group. Other factors include a significant change in the manner of the use of the asset or a significant negative industry or economic trend. This evaluation is performed based on estimated undiscounted future cash flows from operating activities compared with the carrying value of the related assets. If the undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized, measured by the difference between the carrying
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value and the estimated fair value of the assets, based on discounted cash flows using our weighted-average cost of capital, with such estimated fair values determined using the best information available. Quarterly, we assess whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that potentially indicate the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable.
The estimation of future cash flows from operating activities requires significant estimates of factors that include future sales and gross margin performance. Factors used in the valuation of long-lived assets with finite lives include, but are not limited to, discount rates, management’s plans for future operations, recent operating results and projected future cash flows. If our net sales or gross profit performance or other estimated operating results are not achieved at or above our forecasted level, or inflation exceeds our forecast and we are unable to recover such costs through price increases, the carrying value of certain of our retail stores may prove to be unrecoverable and we may incur additional impairment charges in the future.
Accounting for Income Taxes
We account for income taxes and the related accounts in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, or ASC 740. Under this method, we accrue income taxes payable or refundable and recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between GAAP and tax bases of assets and liabilities. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse, and recognize the effect of a change in enacted rates in the period of enactment.
We record net deferred tax assets to the extent we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations.
We establish assets and liabilities for uncertain positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns, using a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. We include in income tax expense any interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a description of recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted, refer to Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks
Interest Rate Risk
We may be subject to interest rate risk in connection with borrowings, if any, under our credit facility, which bears interest at variable rates. As of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, we had no outstanding borrowings under our credit facility.
Impact of Inflation
Our results of operations and financial condition are presented based on historical cost. While it is difficult to accurately measure the impact of inflation due to the imprecise nature of the estimates required, we believe the effects of inflation, if any, on our results of operations and financial condition have been immaterial as of the date of this filing. However, the impact of inflationary cost pressures on gasoline, food, and other consumables may have a material adverse impact on consumer behavior at any point in time, which may by extension have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
We currently source all merchandise through domestic vendors. We source certain fixtures and materials from various suppliers in other countries. All purchases are denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore we do not hedge using any derivative instruments. Historically, we have not been impacted by changes in exchange rates.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Tilly’s, Inc.
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (BDO USA, LLP, Costa Mesa, California, PCAOB ID # | |||||
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Shareholders and Board of Directors
Tilly’s, Inc.
Irvine, California
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tilly’s, Inc. (the “Company”) as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 28, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 28, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of January 28, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and our report dated April 12, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Determination of Incremental Borrowing Rates for Leases
As described in Notes 2 and 9 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company establishes operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities for new and renegotiated lease contracts. The measurement of the operating lease asset and operating lease liability requires the determination of an incremental borrowing rate, which involves complex judgment by management.
We identified the determination of the incremental borrowing rates for new and renegotiated lease contracts as a critical audit matter. Significant judgment is required by management to develop inputs and assumptions used to determine the incremental borrowing rate for new and renegotiated lease contracts, which include developing synthetic credit ratings for the Company and identifying market interest rates based on such rating and applicable lease terms. Auditing the reasonableness of these inputs and assumptions involved especially challenging auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of audit effort required to address these matters including the extent of specialized skill or knowledge needed.
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The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
•Testing the design and operating effectiveness of certain controls over the Company’s accounting for leases. These procedures included testing controls over management’s review of the inputs and assumptions used to determine the incremental borrowing rates.
•Developing independent estimates of fully collateralized incremental borrowing rates for newly executed and renegotiated lease contracts, by utilizing personnel with specialized knowledge and skill in valuation to assist in (i) developing synthetic credit ratings for the Company; and (ii) identifying market interest rates based on the determined rating and applicable lease terms.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2015.
April 12, 2023
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Tilly’s, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share data)
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Marketable securities | |||||||||||
| Receivables | |||||||||||
| Merchandise inventories | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Operating lease assets | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities, related party | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities, related party | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Total long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
Common stock (Class A), $ | |||||||||||
Common stock (Class B), $ | |||||||||||
Preferred stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Tilly’s, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share data)
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (includes buying, distribution, and occupancy costs) | |||||||||||||||||
| Rent expense, related party | |||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of goods sold (includes buying, distribution, and occupancy costs) | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | |||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Rent expense, related party | |||||||||||||||||
| Total selling, general and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per share of Class A and Class B common stock | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A and Class B common stock | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Weighted average basic shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average diluted shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
44
Tilly’s, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In thousands)
| Fiscal Years Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive gain (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive gain (loss), net of tax | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
45
Tilly’s, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(In thousands)
| Number of Shares | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock (Class A) | Common Stock (Class B) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at February 1, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class B common stock converted to Class A common stock | ( | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends paid ($ | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 29, 2022 | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short swing profit settlement | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | ( | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 28, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
46
Tilly’s, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Insurance proceeds from casualty loss | |||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on disposal of assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales and maturities of marketable securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Receivables | |||||||||||||||||
| Merchandise inventories | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of marketable securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | |||||||||||||||||
| Insurance proceeds from casualty loss | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Share repurchases | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Short swing profit settlement | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from line of credit | |||||||||||||||||
| Repayment of line of credit | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Dividends paid | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Change in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest paid | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Income taxes paid | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Unpaid purchases of property and equipment | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining operating lease assets | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining operating lease assets, related party | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
47
Tilly’s, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1: Description of the Company and Basis of Presentation
Tillys is a leading destination specialty retailer of casual apparel, footwear, accessories and hardgoods for young men, young women, boys and girls with an extensive selection of iconic global, emerging, and proprietary brands rooted in an active, outdoor and social lifestyle. Tillys is headquartered in Irvine, California and we operated 249 stores in 33 states as of January 28, 2023. Our stores are located in malls, lifestyle centers, ‘power’ centers, community centers, outlet centers and street-front locations. Customers may also shop online, where we feature the same assortment of products as carried in our brick-and-mortar stores, supplemented by additional online-only styles. Our goal is to serve as a destination for the latest, most relevant merchandise and brands important to our customers.
The Tillys concept began in 1982 when our co-founders, Hezy Shaked and Tilly Levine, opened their first store in Orange County, California. Since 1984, the business has been conducted through World of Jeans & Tops, a California corporation, or “WOJT”, which operates under the name “Tillys”. In May 2011, Tilly’s, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was formed solely for the purpose of reorganizing the corporate structure of WOJT in preparation for an initial public offering. As part of the initial public offering in May 2012, WOJT became a wholly owned subsidiary of Tilly's, Inc.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tilly's Inc. and WOJT. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
As used in these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, except where the context otherwise requires or where otherwise indicated, the terms "the Company", "we", "our", "us" and "Tillys" refer to Tilly's, Inc. and its subsidiary, WOJT.
Fiscal Year
Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to January 31. Fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 ended on January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021, respectively. Fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 each included 52 weeks.
Segment Reporting
Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) has established guidance for reporting information about our operating segments, including disclosures related to our products and services, geographic areas and major customers. We identify our operating segments based on how our business is managed and evaluated. Our operating segments have been aggregated into one reportable segment based on the similar nature of products sold, production, merchandising and distribution processes involved, target customers and economic characteristics. All of our identifiable assets are in the United States.
Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all short-term investments with an initial maturity of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
Marketable Securities
Marketable debt securities are classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity and are carried at fair value or amortized cost plus accrued income, respectively. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of income taxes, on available-for-sale debt securities are reflected as a separate component of stockholders’ equity until realized. For the purposes of computing realized and unrealized gains and losses, cost is determined on a specific identification basis. We classify all marketable securities within current assets on our accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Merchandise Inventories
Merchandise inventories are comprised of finished goods offered for sale at our retail stores and online. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the retail inventory method. An initial markup is applied to inventory at cost in order to establish a cost-to-retail ratio. We believe that the retail inventory method approximates cost. Shipping and handling costs for merchandise shipped to customers of $19.5 million, $20.0 million and $20.6 million in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are included in cost of goods sold in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We review our inventory levels to identify slow-moving merchandise and generally use markdowns to clear this merchandise. At any given time, merchandise inventories include items that have been marked down to management’s best estimate of their fair market value at retail price, with a proportionate write-down to the cost of the inventory. Our management bases the decision to mark down merchandise primarily upon its current sell-through rate and the age of the item, among other factors. These markdowns may have an adverse impact on earnings, depending on the extent and amount of inventory affected. Markdowns are recorded as an increase to cost of goods sold in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Total markdowns, including permanent and promotional markdowns, on a cost basis were $58.7 million, $52.5 million, and
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Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Equipment is depreciated over to seven years . Furniture and fixtures are depreciated over five years . Computer software is depreciated over three years . Leasehold improvements and the cost of acquiring leasehold rights are amortized over the lesser of the term of the lease or the estimated useful life of the improvement. The cost of assets sold or retired and the related accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts with any resulting gain or loss included in net (loss) income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Repairs and maintenance costs are charged directly to expense as incurred. Major renewals, replacements and improvements that substantially extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized and depreciated.
Operating Leases
We conduct all of our retail sales and corporate operations in leased facilities. Lease terms for our stores are generally ten years in duration (subject to extensions) and provide for escalations in base rents periodically. Many of our store leases contain one or more options to renew the lease at our sole discretion. Generally, we do not consider any additional renewal periods to be reasonably certain of being exercised.
Refer to "Note 9: Leases" for further information.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized for store sales when the customer receives and pays for the merchandise at the register, net of estimated returns and taxes collected from our customers. For e-commerce sales, we recognize revenue, net of sales taxes and estimated sales returns, and the related cost of goods sold at the time the merchandise is shipped to the customer. Amounts related to
49
shipping and handling that are billed to customers are reflected in net sales, and the related costs are reflected in cost of goods sold in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. For fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, shipping and handling fee revenue included in net sales was $4.0 million, $5.8 million, and $5.4 million, respectively.
We accrue for estimated sales returns by customers based on historical sales return results. As of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, our reserve for sales returns was $1.6 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
We recognize revenue from gift cards as they are redeemed for merchandise. Prior to redemption, we maintain a current liability for unredeemed gift card balances. The customer liability balance was $11.1 million as of January 28, 2023 and $11.2 million as of January 29, 2022, and is included in deferred revenue on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our gift cards do not have expiration dates and in most cases there is no legal obligation to remit unredeemed gift cards to relevant jurisdictions. Based on actual historical redemption patterns, we determined that a small percentage of gift cards are unlikely to be redeemed (which we refer to as gift card “breakage”). Based on our historical gift card breakage rate, we recognize breakage revenue over the redemption period in proportion to actual gift card redemptions. Revenue recognized from gift cards was $16.7 million, $17.2 million and $14.7 million for fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. For fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020, the opening gift card balances were $11.2 million, $9.6 million, and $9.3 million, respectively, of which $6.1 million, $5.3 million, and $5.0 million, respectively, were recognized as revenue during the period.
The following table summarizes net sales from our retail stores and e-commerce (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Retail stores | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| E-commerce | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net sales | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the percent of net sales by department:
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mens | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Womens | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Accessories | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Footwear | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Boys | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Girls | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Outdoor | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Total net sales | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the percent of net sales by third-party and proprietary branded merchandise:
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Third-party | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Proprietary | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Total net sales | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
Loyalty Program
We have a customer loyalty program where customers accumulate points based on purchase activity. Once a loyalty member achieves a certain point level, the member earns an award that may be used towards the purchase of merchandise. Unredeemed awards and accumulated partial points are accrued as deferred revenue and awards redeemed by the member for merchandise are recorded as an increase to net sales. Our loyalty program allows customers to redeem their awards instantly or build up to additional awards over time. During the first quarter of fiscal 2022, we modified our expiration policy related to unredeemed awards and accumulated partial points from expiration at 365 days after the customer's last purchase activity to expiration at 365 days after the customer's original purchase date. As a result of this modification in expiration policy, the estimated liability
50
was reduced by $0.5 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2022. A liability is estimated based on the standalone selling price of points earned and expected future redemptions. The deferred revenue for this program was $5.0 million as of January 28, 2023 and $5.9 million as of January 29, 2022. The value of points redeemed through our loyalty program was $8.8 million, $10.5 million and $6.5 million during fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. For fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, the opening loyalty program balances were $5.9 million, $3.9 million, and $2.4 million, respectively, of which $5.9 million, $3.5 million, and $1.8 million, respectively, were recognized as revenue during the period.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold includes product costs and buying, distribution and occupancy costs as follows:
•Costs of products sold include:
•freight expenses associated with merchandise received from our vendors into our distribution centers;
•vendor allowances;
•cash discounts on payments to merchandise vendors;
•physical inventory losses; and
•markdowns of inventory.
•Buying, distribution and occupancy costs include:
•payroll, benefit costs, and incentive compensation for merchandising personnel;
•temporary employment services
•customer shipping and handling expenses;
•costs associated with operating our distribution and fulfillment centers, including payroll and benefit costs for our distribution center, occupancy costs, and depreciation;
•freight expenses associated with shipping merchandise inventories to or from our distribution and e-com fulfillment centers and to our e-commerce customers and between store locations, and;
•store occupancy costs, including rent, maintenance, utilities, property taxes, business licenses, security costs and depreciation.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
•Payroll, benefit costs and incentive compensation for store, regional, e-commerce and corporate employees;
•Occupancy and maintenance costs of corporate office facilities;
•Depreciation related to corporate office assets;
•Advertising and marketing costs, net of reimbursement from vendors;
•Tender costs, including costs associated with credit and debit card interchange fees;
•Long-lived asset impairment charges;
•Legal provisions;
•Other administrative costs such as supplies, consulting, audit and tax preparation fees, travel and lodging; and
•Charitable contributions.
Store Pre-opening Costs
Store pre-opening costs consist primarily of occupancy costs, which are included in cost of goods sold, and payroll expenses, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Advertising
We expense advertising costs as incurred, except for direct-mail advertising expenses which are recognized at the time of mailing. Advertising costs include such things as production and distribution of print and digital catalogs; print, online and mobile advertising costs; radio advertisements; and grand openings and other events. Advertising expense, which is classified in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations, was $23.2 million, $24.5 million and $20.5 million in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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Common Stock Share Repurchases
We may repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time pursuant to authorizations approved by our Board of Directors. As permitted under Delaware corporation law, shares repurchased are retired, and accordingly, are not presented separately as treasury stock in the consolidated financial statements. Instead, the value of repurchased shares is deducted from retained earnings.
Income Taxes
We accrue income taxes payable or refundable and recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between GAAP and tax bases of assets and liabilities. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse, and recognize the effect of a change in enacted rates in the period of enactment.
We establish assets and liabilities for uncertain positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns, using a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. We include in income tax expense any interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation
Certain reclassifications have been made between selling, general and administrative expenses and rent expense, related party to conform to the current year presentation. The reclassifications did not impact previously reported gross profit, total selling, general and administrative expenses or net income.
New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In November 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses which amends ("ASU") No. 2016-13 Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), and modifies or replaces existing models for impairment of trade and other receivables, debt securities, loans, beneficial interests held as assets, purchased-credit impaired financial assets and other instruments. The new standard requires entities to measure expected losses over the life of the asset and recognize an allowance for estimated credit losses upon recognition of the financial instrument. ASU 2019-11 will become effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2023, with early adoption permitted and must be adopted using the modified retrospective method. We expect the new rules to apply to our fixed income securities recorded at amortized cost and classified as held-to-maturity and our trade receivables. We do not expect the adoption of this new standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Note 3: Marketable Securities
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commercial paper and fixed income securities are recorded at fair value and amortized cost, respectively, which approximates fair value. All of our marketable securities are less than one year from maturity.
The following table summarizes investments in marketable securities at January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022 (in thousands):
| January 28, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost or Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Holding Gains | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed income securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total marketable securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| January 29, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost or Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Holding Gains | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed income securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total marketable securities | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
For fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, we recognized gains on investments for commercial paper of $0.4 million, $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, which matured during the period. In determining those gains, we used the actual cost of the securities sold. Upon recognition of the gains, we reclassified these amounts out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and into other income (expense), net, on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Note 4: Receivables
At January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, receivables consisted of the following (in thousands):
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Tenant allowances due from landlords | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Credit and debit card receivables | |||||||||||
| CARES Act employee retention credit | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Total receivables | $ | $ | |||||||||
We establish a receivable for amounts we expect to collect. We make estimates for the allowance for doubtful accounts against receivables for any potential uncollectible amounts.
For fiscal years 2022 and 2021, the allowance is zero.
Note 5: Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
At January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Prepaid income taxes | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Prepaid insurance | |||||||||||
| Prepaid maintenance | |||||||||||
| Prepaid rent | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Total prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
53
Note 6: Property and Equipment
At January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | |||||||||||
| Computer hardware and software | |||||||||||
| Machinery and equipment | |||||||||||
| Vehicles | |||||||||||
| Construction in progress | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, gross | |||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $14.1 million, $16.8 million and $19.1 million in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Impairments are recorded on long-lived assets used in operations whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the net carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We recorded non-cash impairment charges of less than $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $1.0 million in in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, to write down the carrying value of long-lived assets to their estimated fair values. Refer to "Note 11: Fair Value Measurements", for further information. If we are not able to achieve our projected key financial metrics, we may incur additional impairment in the future for long-lived assets.
Note 7: Accrued Expenses
At January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Accrued construction | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Sales and use taxes payable | |||||||||||
| Merchandise returns | |||||||||||
| Accrued freight | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Total accrued expenses | $ | $ | |||||||||
Note 8: Credit Agreement
New Credit Agreement
On January 20, 2022, we entered into a senior secured credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") and revolving line of credit note (the "Note") with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (the “Bank”). The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility (“Revolving Facility”) of up to $25.0 million (“Revolving Commitment”) consisting of revolving loans, letters of credit and swing line loans, with a sub-limit on letters of credit outstanding at any time of $15.0 million. The Revolving Facility matures on January 20, 2024. The payment and performance in full of the secured obligations under the Revolving Facility are secured by a lien on and security interest in all of the assets of our company.
The payment and performance in full of the obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Company pursuant to a continuing guaranty (the "Guaranty") granted by the Company in favor of the Bank. The payment and performance of the Company’s obligations under the Guaranty are secured by a lien on, and pledge of, all of the equity interests owned by the Company.
Borrowings under the Revolving Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the daily simple Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 0.75 %. Amounts available to be drawn under outstanding letters of credit accrue fees in an amount equal to 1.00 % per annum. The unused portion of the Revolving Commitment is not subject to a commitment fee.
Under the Credit Agreement, we are subject to a variety of affirmative and negative covenants of types customary in a cash-flow-based lending facility, including financial covenants that require maintenance of (1) a ratio of total funded debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and annual rent expenses no greater than 4.00 to 1.00 and (2) a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1.00 (calculation of which takes into account dividends, distributions, redemptions and
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repurchases of the equity interests of the Company only if the Company’s cash on hand, net of any amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, is less than $50.0 million after giving effect to such dividends, distributions, redemptions or repurchases).
On January 26, 2023, we entered into the First Amendment to the Credit Agreement, with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, which amends the Credit Agreement. The Amendment increased our required Total Funded Debt to EBITDAR ratio for each of the fiscal quarters ended January 28, 2023 and April 29, 2023 from 4.00 :1.00 to 4.75 :1.00.
Events of default under the Credit Agreement include, among other things, failure to pay principal, interest, fees or other amounts; covenant defaults; material inaccuracy of representations and warranties; bankruptcy events with respect to the Company; actual or asserted invalidity of any of the loan documents; or a change of control of the Company.
In connection with the entry into the Credit Agreement, on January 20, 2022, we entered into certain ancillary agreements, including (i) a security agreement in favor of the Bank (ii) the Guaranty entered into by the Company, and (iii) a third party pledge agreement entered into by the Company in favor of the Bank. The security agreement, the guaranty and the pledge agreement replaced (i) the guaranty by the Company in favor of the Bank, dated November 9, 2020, and (ii) the security agreement dated as of November 9, 2020, between the Company and the Bank, which were both terminated concurrently with the termination of the Prior Credit Agreement (as defined below).
As of January 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all of our covenants and had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement.
Prior Credit Agreement
The Credit Agreement replaced our previously existing asset-backed credit agreement (the “Prior Credit Agreement”), dated as of November 9, 2020, as amended, with the Bank, which had revolving commitments of up to $65.0 million, a sub-limit on letters of credit of $10.0 million and a sub-limit for swing-line loans of $7.5 million.
The Prior Credit Agreement was terminated concurrently with the entry into the Credit Agreement. The maximum borrowings permitted under the Prior Credit Agreement was equal to the lesser of (x) the revolving commitment and (y) the borrowing base. The borrowing base was equal to (a) 90 % of the borrower's eligible credit card receivables, plus (b) 90 % of the cost of the borrower's eligible inventory, less inventory reserves established by the agent, and adjusted by the appraised value of such eligible inventory, plus (c) 90 % of the cost of the borrower's eligible in-transit inventory, less inventory reserves established by the agent, and adjusted by the appraised value of such eligible in-transit inventory (not to exceed 10 % of the total amount of all eligible inventory included in the borrowing base) less (d) reserves established by the agent. As of the date the Prior Credit Agreement was terminated, we had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement, and the only utilization of the letters of credit sub-limit under the Credit Agreement was a $2.025 million irrevocable standby letter of credit, which was previously issued under the Prior Credit Agreement and was transferred on such date to the Credit Agreement.
The unused portion of the revolving commitment under the Prior Credit Agreement accrued a commitment fee, which ranged from 0.375 % to 0.50 % per annum, based on the average daily borrowing capacity under the revolving facility over the applicable fiscal quarter. Borrowings under the Prior Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate per annum that ranged from the LIBOR rate plus 2.0 % to the LIBOR rate plus 2.25 %, or the base rate plus 1.0 % to the base rate plus 1.25 %, based on the average daily borrowing capacity under the Prior Credit Agreement over the applicable fiscal quarter. We were allowed to elect to apply either the LIBOR rate or base rate interest to borrowings at our discretion, other than in the case of swing line loans, to which the base rate shall apply.
Under the Prior Credit Agreement, we were subject to a variety of affirmative and negative covenants of types customary in an asset-based lending facility, including a financial covenant relating to availability, and customary events of default. Prior to the first anniversary of the closing date, we were prohibited from declaring or paying any cash dividends to our respective stockholders or repurchasing of our own common stock. After the first anniversary of the closing date, we were allowed to declare and pay cash dividends to our respective stockholders and repurchase our own common stock, provided, among other things, no default or event of default exists as of the date of any such payment and after giving effect thereto, certain minimum availability and minimum projected availability tests are satisfied.
Note 9: Leases
We conduct all of our retail sales and corporate operations in leased facilities. Lease terms generally range up to ten years in duration (subject to elective extensions) and provide for escalations in base rents. Many of our store leases contain one or more options to renew the lease at our sole discretion. Generally, we do not consider any additional renewal periods to be reasonably certain of being exercised.
Most store leases include tenant allowances from landlords, rent escalation clauses and/or contingent rent provisions. Certain leases provide for additional rent based on a percentage of sales and annual rent increases generally based upon the Consumer Price Index. In addition, most of our store leases are net leases, which typically require us to be responsible for certain property operating expenses, including property taxes, insurance, common area maintenance, in addition to base rent. Many of our store leases contain certain co-tenancy provisions that permit us to pay rent based on a pre-determined percentage of sales when the
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occupancy of the retail center falls below minimums established in the lease. For non-cancelable operating lease agreements, operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are established for leases with an expected term greater than one year and we recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis. Contingent rent, determined based on a percentage of sales in excess of specified levels, is recognized as rent expense when the achievement of the specified sales that triggers the contingent rent is probable.
Operating leases
We lease office and warehouse space (10 and 12 Whatney, Irvine, California) from a company that is owned by the co-founders of Tillys. The lease expires on December 31, 2027. We incurred rent expense of $2.1 million, in each of the fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, related to this lease.
We lease office and warehouse space (11 Whatney, Irvine, California) from a company that is owned by one of the co-founders of Tillys. We incurred rent expense of $0.5 million, $0.4 million, and $0.4 million in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to this lease. The lease deposits were $0.2 million and less than $0.1 million, as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, respectively, as a component of other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Pursuant to the lease agreement, the lease payment adjusts annually based upon the Los Angeles/Anaheim/Riverside Urban Consumer Price Index, not to exceed 7 %, but a minimum of 3 %, in any one annual increase. The lease began on June 29, 2012 and was set to terminate on June 30, 2022. During June 2022, this lease was amended to, among other things, extend the term for an additional 10-year term and adjust the annual payment increases. Pursuant to the amended lease agreement, the lease payments adjust annually based upon the greater of 5 % or the Consumer Price Index, and the lease now terminates on June 30, 2032.
We lease a building (17 Pasteur, Irvine, California) from a company that is owned by one of the co-founders of Tillys. We use this property as our e-commerce fulfillment center. We incurred rent expense of $1.5 million, $1.0 million and $0.9 million in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to this lease. The lease deposits were $0.7 million and $0.4 million, as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, respectively, as a component of other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Pursuant to the lease agreement, the lease payment adjusts annually based upon the Los Angeles/Anaheim/Riverside Urban Consumer Price Index, not to exceed 7 %, but a minimum of 3 %, in any one annual increase. The lease began on November 1, 2011 with a 10-year term and ended on October 31, 2021 . During October 2021, this lease was amended to extend the term for an additional period of 10 years and now terminates on October 31, 2031. Pursuant to the amended lease agreement, the lease payment adjusts annually based upon the greater of 5 % or the Consumer Price Index.
We sublease a portion of our office space, approximately 5,887 square feet, in the 17 Pasteur Irvine, California facility to Tilly's Life Center, ("TLC"), a related party and a charitable organization. The lease term is for five years and terminates on January 31, 2027. Sublease income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the sublease agreement and is recorded as an offset within the selling, general and administrative section in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The maturity of operating lease liabilities as of January 28, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year | Related Party | Other | Total | Sublease Income | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total minimum lease payments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Amount representing interest | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Present value of operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
As of January 28, 2023, additional operating lease contracts that have not yet commenced are approximately $1.3 million. Further, additional operating lease contracts and modifications executed subsequent to the balance sheet date, but prior to the report date, are approximately $9.4 million.
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Lease expense for fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 was as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| COGS | SG&A | Total | COGS | SG&A | Total | COGS | SG&A | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed operating lease expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variable lease expense | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total lease expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the fiscal years ended January 29, 2022, and January 30, 2021 we corrected an immaterial error of $375 thousand and $374 thousand, respectively, which consisted solely of a reclassification of fixed operating lease expense from SG&A to cost of goods sold, in the table above.
Supplemental lease information for the year ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021 was as follows:
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities (in thousands) | $ | 69,839 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) | |||||||||||||||||
Weighted average interest rate (1) | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||
Note 10: Commitments and Contingencies
Indemnifications, Commitments, and Guarantees
During the normal course of business, we have made certain indemnifications, commitments, and guarantees under which we may be required to make payments for certain transactions. These indemnifications include, but are not limited to, those given to various lessors in connection with facility leases for certain claims arising from such facility or lease, and indemnifications to our directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the state of Delaware. The majority of these indemnifications, commitments, and guarantees do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments we could be obligated to make, and their duration may be indefinite. We have not recorded any liability for these indemnifications, commitments, and guarantees in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Purchase Obligations
At January 28, 2023, our future minimum payments under agreements to purchase services primarily for software maintenance aggregated to $2.9 million, payable as follows: $2.1 million in fiscal 2023, $0.5 million in fiscal 2024, $0.2 million in fiscal 2025, and $0.1 million in fiscal 2026.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may become involved in lawsuits and other claims arising from our ordinary course of business. We establish loss provisions for matters in which losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. For some matters, we are currently unable to predict the ultimate outcome, determine whether a liability has been incurred or make an estimate of the reasonably possible liability that could result from an unfavorable outcome because of the uncertainties related to the occurrence, amount and range of loss on any pending litigation or claim. Because of the unpredictable nature of these matters, we cannot provide any assurances regarding the outcome of any litigation or claim to which we are a party or that the ultimate outcome of any of the matters threatened or pending against us, including those disclosed below, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Juan Carlos Gonzales, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, v. Tilly’s Inc. et al, Superior Court of California, County of Orange, Case No. 30-2017-00948710-CU-OE-CXC. In October 2017, the plaintiff filed a putative class action against us, alleging various violations of California’s wage and hour laws. The complaint seeks class certification, unspecified damages, unpaid wages, penalties, restitution, interest and attorneys’ fees and costs. In December 2017, we filed an answer to the complaint, denying all of the claims and asserting various defenses. In April 2018, the plaintiff filed a separate action under the Private Attorneys General Act ("PAGA") against us seeking penalties on behalf of himself and other allegedly aggrieved employees for the same alleged violations of California's wage and hour laws. We requested the plaintiff to dismiss the class
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Note 11: Fair Value Measurements
We determine fair value based on a three-level valuation hierarchy as described below. Fair value is defined as the exit price associated with the sale of an asset or transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-level hierarchy of inputs used to determine fair value is as follows:
•Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
•Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
•Level 3 – Unobservable inputs (i.e. projections, estimates, interpretations, etc.) that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
We measure certain financial assets at fair value on a recurring basis, including our marketable securities which are classified as available-for-sale securities, and certain cash equivalents, specifically money market securities, commercial paper, municipal bonds and certificates of deposits. The money market accounts are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets. The available-for-sale marketable securities are valued based on other observable inputs for those securities (including market corroborated pricing or other models that utilize observable inputs such as interest rates and yield curves) based on information provided by independent third party entities.
From time to time, we measure certain assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis, including evaluation of long-lived assets for impairments using Company-specific assumptions which would fall within Level 3 of the fair-value hierarchy.
Fair value calculations contain significant judgments and estimates, which may differ from actual results due to, among other things, economic conditions, changes to the business model or changes in operating performance.
We did not make any transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 financial assets during fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020. Furthermore, as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, we did not have any Level 3 financial assets. We conduct reviews on a quarterly basis to verify pricing, assess liquidity, and determine if significant inputs have changed that would impact the fair value hierarchy disclosure.
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Financial Assets
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash equivalents (1): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketable securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
On at least a quarterly basis, we assess whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that potentially indicate the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. Based on Level 3 inputs of historical operating performance, including sales trends, gross margin rates, current cash flows from operations and the projected outlook for each of our stores, we determined that certain stores would not be able to generate sufficient cash flows over the remaining term of the related leases to recover our investment in the respective stores. As a result, we recorded a non-recurring, non-cash impairment charges of approximately less than $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $1.0 million in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, to write-down the carrying value of certain long-lived store assets to their estimated fair values.
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Carrying value of assets with impairment | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Fair value of assets impaired | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Number of stores tested for impairment | |||||||||||||||||
| Number of stores with impairment | |||||||||||||||||
Note 12: Share-Based Compensation
The Tilly's, Inc. Second Amended and Restated 2012 Equity and Incentive Award Plan (the "2012 Plan") authorizes up to 6,613,900 shares for issuance of options, shares or rights to acquire our Class A common stock and allows for, among other things, operating income and comparable store sales growth targets as additional performance goals that may be used in connection with performance-based awards granted under the 2012 Plan. As of January 28, 2023, there were 1,863,595 shares available for future issuance under the 2012 Plan.
Options
We grant stock options to certain employees that gives them the right to acquire our Class A common stock under the 2012 Plan. The exercise price of options granted is equal to the closing price per share of our stock at the date of grant. The non-qualified options vest at a rate of 25 % on each of the first anniversaries of the grant date provided that the award recipient continues to be employed by us through each of those vesting dates, and expire ten years from the date of grant.
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The following table summarizes our stock option activity for fiscal year 2022:
| Stock Options | Grant Date Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at January 29, 2022 | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Expired | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at January 28, 2023 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at January 28, 2023 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Intrinsic value for stock options is defined as the difference between the market price of our Class A common stock on the last business day of the fiscal year and the weighted average exercise price of in-the-money stock options outstanding at the end of each fiscal period. The market value per share was $8.70 at January 28, 2023.
The total intrinsic value of options exercised in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $0.2 million, $8.4 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively.
The total fair value of options vested in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $1.8 million, $1.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively.
The total proceeds received from the exercise of stock options in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $0.2 million, $9.6 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively. The tax benefit realized from stock options exercised in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 was less than $0.1 million, $2.3 million and $0.0 million, respectively.
The stock option awards were measured at fair value on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Key input assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options include the exercise price of the award, the expected option term, expected volatility of our stock over the option’s expected term, the risk-free interest rate over the option’s expected term and our expected annual dividend yield, if any. We account for forfeitures as they occur. We will issue shares of Class A common stock when the options are exercised.
The fair values of stock options granted in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 were estimated on the grant dates using the following assumptions:
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted average grant-date fair value per option granted | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Expected option term (1) | |||||||||||||||||
Expected volatility factor (2) | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||
Risk-free interest rate (3) | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||
Expected annual dividend yield (4) | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||
(1)The expected option term of the awards represents the estimated time that options are expected to be outstanding based upon historical option data.
(2)Stock volatility for each grant is measured using the weighted average of historical daily price changes of our common stock over the most recent period equal to the expected option term of the awards.
(3)The risk-free interest rate is determined using the rate on treasury securities with the same term as the expected life of the stock option as of the grant date.
(4)We do not have a dividend policy and we do not anticipate paying any additional cash dividends on our common stock at this time.
Restricted Stock
Restricted stock awards ("RSAs") represent restricted shares issued upon the date of grant in which the recipient's rights in the stock are restricted until the shares are vested, whereas restricted stock units represent shares issuable in the future upon vesting. Under the 2012 Plan, we grant RSAs to independent members of our Board of Directors and restricted stock units to certain employees. RSAs granted to Board members vest at a rate of 50 % on each of the first anniversaries of the grant date provided that the respective award recipient continues to serve on our Board of Directors through each of those vesting dates.
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The restricted stock units granted to certain employees vest at a rate of 25 % on each of the first anniversaries of the grant date provided that the respective recipient continues to be employed by us through each of those vesting dates. We determine the fair value of restricted stock underlying the RSAs and restricted stock units based upon the closing price of our Class A common stock on the date of grant.
| Shares | Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value | ||||||||||
| Nonvested at January 29, 2022 | $ | ||||||||||
| Granted | $ | ||||||||||
| Vested | ( | $ | |||||||||
| Nonvested at January 28, 2023 | $ | ||||||||||
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of restricted stock granted during the years ended January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021 was $16.01 and $6.28 , respectively.
The total fair value of restricted stock vested was $0.3 million, $0.7 million and $0.2 million in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Share-based compensation expense associated with stock options and restricted stock is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The following table summarizes share-based compensation recorded in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Total share-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||
| Less: Income tax benefit | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Total share-based compensation, net of tax | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
At January 28, 2023, there was $4.0 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options and restricted stock awards. This cost has a weighted average remaining recognition period of 2.4 years.
Note 13: Retirement Savings Plan
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Note 14: Income Taxes
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Current: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| State | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| State | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
A reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) to the amount computed at the federal statutory rate for fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Federal taxes at statutory rate | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Nondeductible executive compensation | |||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation discrete items (1) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Tax credits | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Enhanced contribution deduction | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Return to provision adjustments | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
(1)This amount includes the impact of discrete items related to the expiration of stock options, exercises of stock options and the settlement of restricted stock that are recorded to income tax expense which represents share-based compensation cost previously recognized by us that was greater than the deduction allowed for income tax purposes based on the price of our common stock on the date of expiration, exercise or vesting.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of: (a) temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes; and (b) operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. We record net deferred tax assets to the extent we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations.
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Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | |||||||||||
| Lease liability | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||
| Inventories | |||||||||||
| Accrued expenses | |||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Lease asset | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Property and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Marketable securities | ( | ||||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net deferred tax asset | $ | $ | |||||||||
As of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, there were no material federal and state net operating losses or tax credits carried forward.
Uncertain Tax Positions
As of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, there were no no
We file income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction and in various state and local jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, we are subject to examination by taxing authorities. Fiscal years 2019 through 2021 remain subject to examination for federal tax purposes and fiscal years 2018 through 2021 remain subject to examination in significant state tax jurisdictions.
Note 15: Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Our common stock consists of two classes: Class A and Class B. The Class A and Class B common stock have identical rights, except with respect to voting and conversion.
Basic net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method, whereby proceeds from such exercise, and unamortized compensation expense, on share-based awards are assumed to be used by us to purchase the common shares at the average market price during the period. Potentially dilutive shares of common stock represent outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards.
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The components of basic and diluted earnings per share of Class A and Class B common stock, in aggregate, for fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Weighted average basic shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares for diluted earnings per share | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per share of Class A and Class B common stock | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A and Class B common stock | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
The earnings per share amounts are the same for Class A and Class B common stock, in aggregate, and individually for Class A and Class B common stock because the holders of each class are legally entitled to equal per share distributions whether through dividends or in liquidation. Shares of Class A and Class B common stock vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share.
| Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Stock options | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||
Note 16: Related Party Transactions
Certain Leases
As discussed in “Note 9: Leases”, we lease certain facilities from companies that are owned by the co-founders of Tillys.
Tilly's Life Center
Tilly’s Life Center, (“TLC”), is a charitable organization which provides underprivileged youth a healthy and caring environment. The Company’s co-founder is also the founder and President of TLC. In each of fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, our Board of Directors approved annual financial support for TLC of $200,000 .
We sublease a portion of our office space, approximately 5,887 square feet, in the 17 Pasteur Irvine, California facility to TLC, a related party and a charitable organization.
Note 17: Stockholders' Equity
Our Board of Directors did not declare any special cash dividends either on Class A or Class B common stock for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023.
On November 19, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share to all holders of record of issued and outstanding shares of both Class A and Class B common stock as of the close of business on December 7, 2021, with payment of $30.9 million made on December 15, 2021.
On June 9, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share to all holders of record of issued and outstanding shares of both Class A and Class B common stock as of the close of business on June 25, 2021, with payment of $30.7 million made on July 9, 2021.
On January 24, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share to all holders of record of issued and outstanding shares of both Class A and Class B common stock as of the close of business on February 12, 2020, with payment of $29.7 million made on February 26, 2020.
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Short Swing Profit Settlement
During Fiscal 2022, Fund 1 Investments, LLC ("Fund 1"), on behalf of itself and its affiliated funds, transferred cash proceeds of $0.7 million to the Company to fulfill obligations deriving from the short swing profit provisions of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These obligations related to Fund 1's trading activity in the Company's common stock. The cash proceeds were recorded to additional paid-in capital on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and the Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity and is reflected in financing activities on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as of the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023.
Note 18: Share Repurchase Program
65
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures
Not Applicable.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, management has evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Disclosure controls and procedures refer to controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding our required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures.
We conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on their evaluation and subject to the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act.
Internal control over financial reporting refers to a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and members of our Board of Directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process, and it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.
Management conducted the above-referenced assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 28, 2023 using the framework set forth in the report entitled, “Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)", issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or the COSO Report. Based on management’s evaluation and the criteria set forth in the COSO Report, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of January 28, 2023.
Our internal control over financial reporting as of January 28, 2023 has been audited by BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report included herein.
66
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management has determined that, as of January 28, 2023, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter then ended that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
67
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Shareholders and Board of Directors
Tilly’s, Inc.
Irvine, California
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Tilly’s, Inc.’s (the “Company’s”) internal control over financial reporting as of January 28, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 28, 2023, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 28, 2023, and the related notes and our report dated April 12, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Item 9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
Costa Mesa, California
April 12, 2023
68
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023 (the “2023 Proxy Statement”).
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s 2023 Proxy Statement.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s 2023 Proxy Statement.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s 2023 Proxy Statement.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s 2023 Proxy Statement.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules
See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not required or are not applicable or because the information required in those schedules either is not material or is included in the consolidated financial statements or the accompanying notes.
Exhibits
The exhibits listed in the accompanying index to exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
69
EXHIBIT INDEX
| Exhibit No. | Description of Exhibit | |||||||
| 3.1 | ||||||||
| 3.2 | ||||||||
| 4.1 | ||||||||
| 4.2 | ||||||||
| 10.1 | ||||||||
| 10.2# | ||||||||
| 10.3# | ||||||||
| 10.4# | ||||||||
| 10.5# | ||||||||
| 10.6# | ||||||||
| 10.7# | ||||||||
| 10.8# | ||||||||
| 10.8.1# | ||||||||
| 10.9 | ||||||||
| 10.10 | ||||||||
| 10.11 | ||||||||
| 10.12 | ||||||||
70
| 10.13 | ||||||||
| 10.14 | ||||||||
| 10.15# | ||||||||
| 10.16# | ||||||||
| 10.17 | ||||||||
| 10.17.1 | ||||||||
| 10.18 | ||||||||
| 10.19 | ||||||||
| 10.20 | ||||||||
| 10.21 | ||||||||
| 10.22# | ||||||||
| 21.1* | ||||||||
| 23.1* | ||||||||
| 24.1+ | ||||||||
| 31.1* | ||||||||
| 31.2* | ||||||||
| 32.1* | ||||||||
| 101* | The following materials from Tilly’s, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 28, 2023. formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022, and January 30, 2021; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the fiscal years ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022, and January 30, 2021; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the fiscal years ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022, and January 30, 2021; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022, and January 30, 2021; and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. | |||||||
| 104* | The cover page from the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 28, 2023, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language. | |||||||
* Filed herewith
# Management contract or compensatory plan.
+ Included on signature page
71
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on April 12, 2023.
| Tilly’s, Inc. | ||
| /s/ Edmond Thomas | ||
| Edmond Thomas | ||
| President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| /s/ Michael L. Henry | ||
| Michael L. Henry | ||
| Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
72
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Edmond Thomas and Michael L. Henry, and each of them singly, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and all other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each said attorney-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or either of them or their or his or her substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and as of the dates indicated on April 12, 2023.
| Signature | Title | |||||||
| /s/ Edmond Thomas | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||
| Edmond Thomas | ||||||||
| /s/ Michael L. Henry | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||||
| Michael L. Henry | ||||||||
| /s/ Hezy Shaked | Executive Chairman of the Board and Chief Strategy Officer | |||||||
| Hezy Shaked | ||||||||
| /s/ Teresa Aragones | Director | |||||||
| Teresa Aragones | ||||||||
| /s/ Erin Chin | Director | |||||||
| Erin Chin | ||||||||
| /s/ Doug Collier | Director | |||||||
| Doug Collier | ||||||||
| /s/ Seth Johnson | Director | |||||||
| Seth Johnson | ||||||||
| /s/ Janet Kerr | Director | |||||||
| Janet Kerr | ||||||||
| /s/ Bernard Zeichner | Director | |||||||
| Bernard Zeichner | ||||||||
73
Exhibit 21.1
Tilly’s, Inc.
Subsidiaries
Subsidiary | State of Incorporation/Formation | |||||||
| World of Jeans & Tops | California | |||||||
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Tilly's Inc.
Irvine, California
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-181148, 333-198676 and 333-239756) of Tilly’s, Inc. of our reports dated April 12, 2023, relating to the consolidated financial statements, and the effectiveness of Tilly's, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting, which appear in this Form 10-K.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
Costa Mesa, California
April 12, 2023
Costa Mesa, California
April 12, 2023
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Edmond Thomas, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Tilly’s, Inc. for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(1)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(2)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(3)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(4)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(1)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(2)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 12, 2023
| /s/ Edmond Thomas | ||
| Edmond Thomas | ||
| President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Michael L. Henry, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Tilly’s, Inc. for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 12, 2023
| /s/ Michael L. Henry | ||
| Michael L. Henry | ||
| Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
Exhibit 32.1
Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 As Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Edmond Thomas, the Chief Executive Officer of Tilly’s, Inc, certify that (i) the annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and (ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Tilly’s, Inc. as of the dates and for the periods set forth therein.
Date: April 12, 2023
| /s/ Edmond Thomas | ||
| Edmond Thomas | ||
| President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
I, Michael L. Henry, the Chief Financial Officer of Tilly’s, Inc, certify that (i) the annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and (ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Tilly’s, Inc. as of the dates and for the periods set forth therein.
Date: April 12, 2023
| /s/ Michael L. Henry | ||
| Michael L. Henry | ||
| Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||